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In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut
The present study uses in vitro analytical techniques to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on the microbial community of the equine hindgut and the metabolites they produce. Incubations were performed in Wheaton bottles using a 50 ml incubation of a high-energy feed or a low-energy feed,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Japanese Society of Equine Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4914397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.27.49 |
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author | EDMUNDS, J.L. WORGAN, H.J. DOUGAL, K. GIRDWOOD, S.E. DOUGLAS, J.-L. MCEWAN, N.R. |
author_facet | EDMUNDS, J.L. WORGAN, H.J. DOUGAL, K. GIRDWOOD, S.E. DOUGLAS, J.-L. MCEWAN, N.R. |
author_sort | EDMUNDS, J.L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present study uses in vitro analytical techniques to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on the microbial community of the equine hindgut and the metabolites they produce. Incubations were performed in Wheaton bottles using a 50 ml incubation of a high-energy feed or a low-energy feed, plus bottles with no added food source, together with five levels of activated charcoal (0, 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg per bottle) and fecal samples as a bacterial inoculum. Using this method the rate of gas production, volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and pH values were analyzed and found to vary depending on the addition of feed, but the activated charcoal had no effect (P>0.05) on any of these. It is already believed that the effect of activated charcoal as a control for toxic substances is at its highest in the foregut or midgut of animals, and therefore should have little impact on the hindgut. The data presented here suggest that if any of the activated charcoal does reach the hindgut, then it has no significant impact on the microbial community present, nor on the major metabolites produced, and so should not have a detrimental effect on the principal site of fermentation in the horse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4914397 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | The Japanese Society of Equine Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49143972016-06-21 In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut EDMUNDS, J.L. WORGAN, H.J. DOUGAL, K. GIRDWOOD, S.E. DOUGLAS, J.-L. MCEWAN, N.R. J Equine Sci Original Article The present study uses in vitro analytical techniques to investigate the effect of activated charcoal on the microbial community of the equine hindgut and the metabolites they produce. Incubations were performed in Wheaton bottles using a 50 ml incubation of a high-energy feed or a low-energy feed, plus bottles with no added food source, together with five levels of activated charcoal (0, 10, 25, 50 or 100 mg per bottle) and fecal samples as a bacterial inoculum. Using this method the rate of gas production, volatile fatty acid and ammonia concentrations, and pH values were analyzed and found to vary depending on the addition of feed, but the activated charcoal had no effect (P>0.05) on any of these. It is already believed that the effect of activated charcoal as a control for toxic substances is at its highest in the foregut or midgut of animals, and therefore should have little impact on the hindgut. The data presented here suggest that if any of the activated charcoal does reach the hindgut, then it has no significant impact on the microbial community present, nor on the major metabolites produced, and so should not have a detrimental effect on the principal site of fermentation in the horse. The Japanese Society of Equine Science 2016-06-21 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4914397/ /pubmed/27330398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.27.49 Text en 2016 The Japanese Society of Equine Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. |
spellingShingle | Original Article EDMUNDS, J.L. WORGAN, H.J. DOUGAL, K. GIRDWOOD, S.E. DOUGLAS, J.-L. MCEWAN, N.R. In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on the equine hindgut |
title | In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
title_full | In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
title_fullStr | In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
title_full_unstemmed | In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
title_short | In vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
title_sort | in vitro analysis of the effect of supplementation with activated charcoal on
the equine hindgut |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4914397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27330398 http://dx.doi.org/10.1294/jes.27.49 |
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