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Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline

Protective footwear is necessary for preventing injurious slips and falls in winter conditions. Valid methods for assessing footwear slip resistance on winter surfaces are needed in order to evaluate footwear and outsole designs. The purpose of this study was to utilise a method of testing winter fo...

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Autores principales: Hsu, Jennifer, Shaw, Robert, Novak, Alison, Li, Yue, Ormerod, Marcus, Newton, Rita, Dutta, Tilak, Fernie, Geoff
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Taylor & Francis 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4917907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555738
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1084051
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author Hsu, Jennifer
Shaw, Robert
Novak, Alison
Li, Yue
Ormerod, Marcus
Newton, Rita
Dutta, Tilak
Fernie, Geoff
author_facet Hsu, Jennifer
Shaw, Robert
Novak, Alison
Li, Yue
Ormerod, Marcus
Newton, Rita
Dutta, Tilak
Fernie, Geoff
author_sort Hsu, Jennifer
collection PubMed
description Protective footwear is necessary for preventing injurious slips and falls in winter conditions. Valid methods for assessing footwear slip resistance on winter surfaces are needed in order to evaluate footwear and outsole designs. The purpose of this study was to utilise a method of testing winter footwear that was ecologically valid in terms of involving actual human testers walking on realistic winter surfaces to produce objective measures of slip resistance. During the experiment, eight participants tested six styles of footwear on wet ice, on dry ice, and on dry ice after walking over soft snow. Slip resistance was measured by determining the maximum incline angles participants were able to walk up and down in each footwear–surface combination. The results indicated that testing on a variety of surfaces is necessary for establishing winter footwear performance and that standard mechanical bench tests for footwear slip resistance do not adequately reflect actual performance. Practitioner Summary: Existing standardised methods for measuring footwear slip resistance lack validation on winter surfaces. By determining the maximum inclines participants could walk up and down slopes of wet ice, dry ice, and ice with snow, in a range of footwear, an ecologically valid test for measuring winter footwear performance was established.
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spelling pubmed-49179072016-06-28 Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline Hsu, Jennifer Shaw, Robert Novak, Alison Li, Yue Ormerod, Marcus Newton, Rita Dutta, Tilak Fernie, Geoff Ergonomics Original Articles Protective footwear is necessary for preventing injurious slips and falls in winter conditions. Valid methods for assessing footwear slip resistance on winter surfaces are needed in order to evaluate footwear and outsole designs. The purpose of this study was to utilise a method of testing winter footwear that was ecologically valid in terms of involving actual human testers walking on realistic winter surfaces to produce objective measures of slip resistance. During the experiment, eight participants tested six styles of footwear on wet ice, on dry ice, and on dry ice after walking over soft snow. Slip resistance was measured by determining the maximum incline angles participants were able to walk up and down in each footwear–surface combination. The results indicated that testing on a variety of surfaces is necessary for establishing winter footwear performance and that standard mechanical bench tests for footwear slip resistance do not adequately reflect actual performance. Practitioner Summary: Existing standardised methods for measuring footwear slip resistance lack validation on winter surfaces. By determining the maximum inclines participants could walk up and down slopes of wet ice, dry ice, and ice with snow, in a range of footwear, an ecologically valid test for measuring winter footwear performance was established. Taylor & Francis 2016-05-03 2015-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4917907/ /pubmed/26555738 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1084051 Text en © 2015 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Hsu, Jennifer
Shaw, Robert
Novak, Alison
Li, Yue
Ormerod, Marcus
Newton, Rita
Dutta, Tilak
Fernie, Geoff
Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title_full Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title_fullStr Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title_full_unstemmed Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title_short Slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
title_sort slip resistance of winter footwear on snow and ice measured using maximum achievable incline
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4917907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26555738
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1084051
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