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Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
Ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food leads to staphylococcal food poisoning, the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. There are five major staphylococcal enterotoxins: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. While variants of these toxins have been des...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926136/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27258311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060169 |
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author | Johler, Sophia Sihto, Henna-Maria Macori, Guerrino Stephan, Roger |
author_facet | Johler, Sophia Sihto, Henna-Maria Macori, Guerrino Stephan, Roger |
author_sort | Johler, Sophia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food leads to staphylococcal food poisoning, the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. There are five major staphylococcal enterotoxins: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. While variants of these toxins have been described and were linked to specific hosts or levels or enterotoxin production, data on sequence variation is still limited. In this study, we aim to extend the knowledge on promoter and gene variants of the major enterotoxins SEB, SEC, and SED. To this end, we determined seb, sec, and sed promoter and gene sequences of a well-characterized set of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains originating from foodborne outbreaks, human infections, human nasal colonization, rabbits, and cattle. New nucleotide sequence variants were detected for all three enterotoxins and a novel amino acid sequence variant of SED was detected in a strain associated with human nasal colonization. While the seb promoter and gene sequences exhibited a high degree of variability, the sec and sed promoter and gene were more conserved. Interestingly, a truncated variant of sed was detected in all tested sed harboring rabbit strains. The generated data represents a further step towards improved understanding of strain-specific differences in enterotoxin expression and host-specific variation in enterotoxin sequences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4926136 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49261362016-07-06 Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed Johler, Sophia Sihto, Henna-Maria Macori, Guerrino Stephan, Roger Toxins (Basel) Article Ingestion of staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed by Staphylococcus aureus in food leads to staphylococcal food poisoning, the most prevalent foodborne intoxication worldwide. There are five major staphylococcal enterotoxins: SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and SEE. While variants of these toxins have been described and were linked to specific hosts or levels or enterotoxin production, data on sequence variation is still limited. In this study, we aim to extend the knowledge on promoter and gene variants of the major enterotoxins SEB, SEC, and SED. To this end, we determined seb, sec, and sed promoter and gene sequences of a well-characterized set of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus strains originating from foodborne outbreaks, human infections, human nasal colonization, rabbits, and cattle. New nucleotide sequence variants were detected for all three enterotoxins and a novel amino acid sequence variant of SED was detected in a strain associated with human nasal colonization. While the seb promoter and gene sequences exhibited a high degree of variability, the sec and sed promoter and gene were more conserved. Interestingly, a truncated variant of sed was detected in all tested sed harboring rabbit strains. The generated data represents a further step towards improved understanding of strain-specific differences in enterotoxin expression and host-specific variation in enterotoxin sequences. MDPI 2016-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4926136/ /pubmed/27258311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060169 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Johler, Sophia Sihto, Henna-Maria Macori, Guerrino Stephan, Roger Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed |
title | Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
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title_full | Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
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title_fullStr | Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
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title_full_unstemmed | Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
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title_short | Sequence Variability in Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Genes seb, sec, and sed
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title_sort | sequence variability in staphylococcal enterotoxin genes seb, sec, and sed |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4926136/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27258311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins8060169 |
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