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Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience
The wavelength of light that appears unique yellow is surprisingly consistent across people even though the ratio of middle (M) to long (L) wavelength sensitive cones is strikingly variable. This observation has been explained by normalization to the mean spectral distribution of our shared environm...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.8.18 |
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author | Schmidt, Brian P. Touch, Phanith Neitz, Maureen Neitz, Jay |
author_facet | Schmidt, Brian P. Touch, Phanith Neitz, Maureen Neitz, Jay |
author_sort | Schmidt, Brian P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The wavelength of light that appears unique yellow is surprisingly consistent across people even though the ratio of middle (M) to long (L) wavelength sensitive cones is strikingly variable. This observation has been explained by normalization to the mean spectral distribution of our shared environment. Our purpose was to reconcile the nearly perfect alignment of everyone's unique yellow through a normalization process with the striking variability in unique green, which varies by as much as 60 nm between individuals. The spectral location of unique green was measured in a group of volunteers whose cone ratios were estimated with a technique that combined genetics and flicker photometric electroretinograms. In contrast to unique yellow, unique green was highly dependent upon relative cone numerosity. We hypothesized that the difference in neural architecture of the blue-yellow and red-green opponent systems in the presence of a normalization process creates the surprising dependence of unique green on cone ratio. We then compared the predictions of different theories of color vision processing that incorporate L and M cone ratio and a normalization process. The results of this analysis reveal that—contrary to prevailing notions--postretinal contributions may not be required to explain the phenomena of unique hues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4927209 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49272092016-07-01 Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience Schmidt, Brian P. Touch, Phanith Neitz, Maureen Neitz, Jay J Vis Article The wavelength of light that appears unique yellow is surprisingly consistent across people even though the ratio of middle (M) to long (L) wavelength sensitive cones is strikingly variable. This observation has been explained by normalization to the mean spectral distribution of our shared environment. Our purpose was to reconcile the nearly perfect alignment of everyone's unique yellow through a normalization process with the striking variability in unique green, which varies by as much as 60 nm between individuals. The spectral location of unique green was measured in a group of volunteers whose cone ratios were estimated with a technique that combined genetics and flicker photometric electroretinograms. In contrast to unique yellow, unique green was highly dependent upon relative cone numerosity. We hypothesized that the difference in neural architecture of the blue-yellow and red-green opponent systems in the presence of a normalization process creates the surprising dependence of unique green on cone ratio. We then compared the predictions of different theories of color vision processing that incorporate L and M cone ratio and a normalization process. The results of this analysis reveal that—contrary to prevailing notions--postretinal contributions may not be required to explain the phenomena of unique hues. The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology 2016-06-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4927209/ /pubmed/27366885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.8.18 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. |
spellingShingle | Article Schmidt, Brian P. Touch, Phanith Neitz, Maureen Neitz, Jay Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title | Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title_full | Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title_fullStr | Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title_full_unstemmed | Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title_short | Circuitry to explain how the relative number of L and M cones shapes color experience |
title_sort | circuitry to explain how the relative number of l and m cones shapes color experience |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4927209/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27366885 http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.8.18 |
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