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Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human c...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27386563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
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author | Metcalf, Jessica L. Turney, Chris Barnett, Ross Martin, Fabiana Bray, Sarah C. Vilstrup, Julia T. Orlando, Ludovic Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo Loponte, Daniel Medina, Matías De Nigris, Mariana Civalero, Teresa Fernández, Pablo Marcelo Gasco, Alejandra Duran, Victor Seymour, Kevin L. Otaola, Clara Gil, Adolfo Paunero, Rafael Prevosti, Francisco J. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Wheeler, Jane C. Borrero, Luis Austin, Jeremy J. Cooper, Alan |
author_facet | Metcalf, Jessica L. Turney, Chris Barnett, Ross Martin, Fabiana Bray, Sarah C. Vilstrup, Julia T. Orlando, Ludovic Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo Loponte, Daniel Medina, Matías De Nigris, Mariana Civalero, Teresa Fernández, Pablo Marcelo Gasco, Alejandra Duran, Victor Seymour, Kevin L. Otaola, Clara Gil, Adolfo Paunero, Rafael Prevosti, Francisco J. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Wheeler, Jane C. Borrero, Luis Austin, Jeremy J. Cooper, Alan |
author_sort | Metcalf, Jessica L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4928889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49288892016-07-06 Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation Metcalf, Jessica L. Turney, Chris Barnett, Ross Martin, Fabiana Bray, Sarah C. Vilstrup, Julia T. Orlando, Ludovic Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo Loponte, Daniel Medina, Matías De Nigris, Mariana Civalero, Teresa Fernández, Pablo Marcelo Gasco, Alejandra Duran, Victor Seymour, Kevin L. Otaola, Clara Gil, Adolfo Paunero, Rafael Prevosti, Francisco J. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Wheeler, Jane C. Borrero, Luis Austin, Jeremy J. Cooper, Alan Sci Adv Research Articles The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. American Association for the Advancement of Science 2016-06-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4928889/ /pubmed/27386563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Metcalf, Jessica L. Turney, Chris Barnett, Ross Martin, Fabiana Bray, Sarah C. Vilstrup, Julia T. Orlando, Ludovic Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo Loponte, Daniel Medina, Matías De Nigris, Mariana Civalero, Teresa Fernández, Pablo Marcelo Gasco, Alejandra Duran, Victor Seymour, Kevin L. Otaola, Clara Gil, Adolfo Paunero, Rafael Prevosti, Francisco J. Bradshaw, Corey J. A. Wheeler, Jane C. Borrero, Luis Austin, Jeremy J. Cooper, Alan Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title | Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_full | Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_fullStr | Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_short | Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_sort | synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the last deglaciation |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4928889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27386563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
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