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Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection
Plants are constantly threatened by potential pathogens. In order to optimize the output of defense against pathogens with distinct lifestyles, plants depend on hormonal networks to fine-tune specific responses and regulate growth-defense tradeoffs. To counteract, pathogens have evolved various stra...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932134/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26879412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0452-0 |
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author | Ma, Ka-Wai Ma, Wenbo |
author_facet | Ma, Ka-Wai Ma, Wenbo |
author_sort | Ma, Ka-Wai |
collection | PubMed |
description | Plants are constantly threatened by potential pathogens. In order to optimize the output of defense against pathogens with distinct lifestyles, plants depend on hormonal networks to fine-tune specific responses and regulate growth-defense tradeoffs. To counteract, pathogens have evolved various strategies to disturb hormonal homeostasis and facilitate infection. Many pathogens synthesize plant hormones; more importantly, toxins and effectors are produced to manipulate hormonal crosstalk. Accumulating evidence has shown that pathogens exert extensive effects on plant hormone pathways not only to defeat immunity, but also modify habitat structure, optimize nutrient acquisition, and facilitate pathogen dissemination. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which a wide array of pathogens gain benefits from manipulating plant hormone pathways. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4932134 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49321342016-07-18 Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection Ma, Ka-Wai Ma, Wenbo Plant Mol Biol Article Plants are constantly threatened by potential pathogens. In order to optimize the output of defense against pathogens with distinct lifestyles, plants depend on hormonal networks to fine-tune specific responses and regulate growth-defense tradeoffs. To counteract, pathogens have evolved various strategies to disturb hormonal homeostasis and facilitate infection. Many pathogens synthesize plant hormones; more importantly, toxins and effectors are produced to manipulate hormonal crosstalk. Accumulating evidence has shown that pathogens exert extensive effects on plant hormone pathways not only to defeat immunity, but also modify habitat structure, optimize nutrient acquisition, and facilitate pathogen dissemination. In this review, we summarize mechanisms by which a wide array of pathogens gain benefits from manipulating plant hormone pathways. Springer Netherlands 2016-02-15 2016 /pmc/articles/PMC4932134/ /pubmed/26879412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0452-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Article Ma, Ka-Wai Ma, Wenbo Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title | Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title_full | Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title_fullStr | Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title_short | Phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
title_sort | phytohormone pathways as targets of pathogens to facilitate infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932134/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26879412 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11103-016-0452-0 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT makawai phytohormonepathwaysastargetsofpathogenstofacilitateinfection AT mawenbo phytohormonepathwaysastargetsofpathogenstofacilitateinfection |