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Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?

Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks have occurred across eastern Africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4–15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. However, human epidemics during RVF outbreaks in eastern Africa have involved 478 deaths in 1...

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Autores principales: Baba, Marycelin, Masiga, Daniel K, Sang, Rosemary, Villinger, Jandouwe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329846
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2016.57
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author Baba, Marycelin
Masiga, Daniel K
Sang, Rosemary
Villinger, Jandouwe
author_facet Baba, Marycelin
Masiga, Daniel K
Sang, Rosemary
Villinger, Jandouwe
author_sort Baba, Marycelin
collection PubMed
description Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks have occurred across eastern Africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4–15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. However, human epidemics during RVF outbreaks in eastern Africa have involved 478 deaths in 1998, 1107 reported cases with 350 deaths from 2006 to 2007 and 1174 cases with 241 deaths in 2008. We review the history of RVF outbreaks in eastern Africa to identify the epidemiological factors that could have influenced its increasing severity in humans. Diverse ecological factors influence outbreak frequency, whereas virus evolution has a greater impact on its virulence in hosts. Several factors could have influenced the lack of information on RVF in humans during earlier outbreaks, but the explosive nature of human RVF epidemics in recent years mirrors the evolutionary trend of the virus. Comparisons between isolates from different outbreaks have revealed an accumulation of genetic mutations and genomic reassortments that have diversified RVF virus genomes over several decades. The threat to humans posed by the diversified RVF virus strains increases the potential public health and socioeconomic impacts of future outbreaks. Understanding the shifting RVF epidemiology as determined by its evolution is key to developing new strategies for outbreak mitigation and prevention of future human RVF casualties.
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spelling pubmed-49326502016-07-14 Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa? Baba, Marycelin Masiga, Daniel K Sang, Rosemary Villinger, Jandouwe Emerg Microbes Infect Review Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreaks have occurred across eastern Africa from 1912 to 2010 approximately every 4–15 years, most of which have not been accompanied by significant epidemics in human populations. However, human epidemics during RVF outbreaks in eastern Africa have involved 478 deaths in 1998, 1107 reported cases with 350 deaths from 2006 to 2007 and 1174 cases with 241 deaths in 2008. We review the history of RVF outbreaks in eastern Africa to identify the epidemiological factors that could have influenced its increasing severity in humans. Diverse ecological factors influence outbreak frequency, whereas virus evolution has a greater impact on its virulence in hosts. Several factors could have influenced the lack of information on RVF in humans during earlier outbreaks, but the explosive nature of human RVF epidemics in recent years mirrors the evolutionary trend of the virus. Comparisons between isolates from different outbreaks have revealed an accumulation of genetic mutations and genomic reassortments that have diversified RVF virus genomes over several decades. The threat to humans posed by the diversified RVF virus strains increases the potential public health and socioeconomic impacts of future outbreaks. Understanding the shifting RVF epidemiology as determined by its evolution is key to developing new strategies for outbreak mitigation and prevention of future human RVF casualties. Nature Publishing Group 2016-06 2016-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4932650/ /pubmed/27329846 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2016.57 Text en Copyright © 2016 Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Review
Baba, Marycelin
Masiga, Daniel K
Sang, Rosemary
Villinger, Jandouwe
Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title_full Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title_fullStr Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title_full_unstemmed Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title_short Has Rift Valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in East Africa?
title_sort has rift valley fever virus evolved with increasing severity in human populations in east africa?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4932650/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27329846
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emi.2016.57
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