Effects of Endosulfan on Predator–Prey Interactions Between Catfish and Schistosoma Host Snails

The effect of the pesticide endosulfan on predator–prey interactions between catfish and Schistosoma host snails was assessed in static tank experiments. Hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × C. ngamensis) and Bulinus globosus were subjected to various endosulfan concentrations including an untreated control. The 48- and 96-h LC(50) values for catfish were 1.0 and <0.5 µg/L, respectively, whereas the 48- and 96-h LC(50) values for snails were 1137 and 810 µg/L. To assess sublethal effects on the feeding of the catfish on B. globosus, endosulfan concentrations between 0.03 and 1.0 µg/L were used. Predation was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in control tanks than in all other treatments. There was progressively decreasing predation with increasing toxicant concentration. Biological control of Schistosoma host snails using fish may be affected in endosulfan-polluted aquatic systems of Southern Africa because it has been found present at concentrations that are indicated to cause lethal effects on the evaluated hybrid catfish and to inhibit the predation of snails by this hybrid catfish. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-016-0275-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.