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Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook t...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zheng, Zhen, Zhu, Tingting, Qu, Yi, Mu, Dezhi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688
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author Zheng, Zhen
Zhu, Tingting
Qu, Yi
Mu, Dezhi
author_facet Zheng, Zhen
Zhu, Tingting
Qu, Yi
Mu, Dezhi
author_sort Zheng, Zhen
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger’s tests. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD [SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58–1.40; P < 0.001] with high heterogeneity (I(2) = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma [SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58–1.50; P < 0.001] but not true in serum [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41–1.99; P = 0.20]. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD.
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spelling pubmed-49384262016-07-22 Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Zheng, Zhen Zhu, Tingting Qu, Yi Mu, Dezhi PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger’s tests. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD [SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58–1.40; P < 0.001] with high heterogeneity (I(2) = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma [SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58–1.50; P < 0.001] but not true in serum [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41–1.99; P = 0.20]. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD. Public Library of Science 2016-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4938426/ /pubmed/27390857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688 Text en © 2016 Zheng et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zheng, Zhen
Zhu, Tingting
Qu, Yi
Mu, Dezhi
Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_fullStr Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_short Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
title_sort blood glutamate levels in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390857
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688
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