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Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook t...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688 |
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author | Zheng, Zhen Zhu, Tingting Qu, Yi Mu, Dezhi |
author_facet | Zheng, Zhen Zhu, Tingting Qu, Yi Mu, Dezhi |
author_sort | Zheng, Zhen |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger’s tests. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD [SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58–1.40; P < 0.001] with high heterogeneity (I(2) = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma [SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58–1.50; P < 0.001] but not true in serum [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41–1.99; P = 0.20]. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4938426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49384262016-07-22 Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Zheng, Zhen Zhu, Tingting Qu, Yi Mu, Dezhi PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger’s tests. RESULTS: Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD [SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58–1.40; P < 0.001] with high heterogeneity (I(2) = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma [SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58–1.50; P < 0.001] but not true in serum [SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41–1.99; P = 0.20]. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Blood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD. Public Library of Science 2016-07-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4938426/ /pubmed/27390857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688 Text en © 2016 Zheng et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zheng, Zhen Zhu, Tingting Qu, Yi Mu, Dezhi Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | Blood Glutamate Levels in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | blood glutamate levels in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27390857 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158688 |
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