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What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow

Hybridization is a potent evolutionary process that can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity. Because of its ecological and evolutionary consequences, an understanding of hybridization is important for basic and applied sciences, including conservation biology and agriculture. He...

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Autores principales: Gompert, Zachariah, Buerkle, C. Alex
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27468308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12380
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author Gompert, Zachariah
Buerkle, C. Alex
author_facet Gompert, Zachariah
Buerkle, C. Alex
author_sort Gompert, Zachariah
collection PubMed
description Hybridization is a potent evolutionary process that can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity. Because of its ecological and evolutionary consequences, an understanding of hybridization is important for basic and applied sciences, including conservation biology and agriculture. Herein, we review and discuss ideas that are relevant to the recognition of hybrids and hybridization. We supplement this discussion with simulations. The ideas we present have a long history, particularly in botany, and clarifying them should have practical consequences for managing hybridization and gene flow in plants. One of our primary goals is to illustrate what we can and cannot infer about hybrids and hybridization from molecular data; in other words, we ask when genetic analyses commonly used to study hybridization might mislead us about the history or nature of gene flow and selection. We focus on patterns of variation when hybridization is recent and populations are polymorphic, which are particularly informative for applied issues, such as contemporary hybridization following recent ecological change. We show that hybridization is not a singular process, but instead a collection of related processes with variable outcomes and consequences. Thus, it will often be inappropriate to generalize about the threats or benefits of hybridization from individual studies, and at minimum, it will be important to avoid categorical thinking about what hybridization and hybrids are. We recommend potential sampling and analytical approaches that should help us confront these complexities of hybridization.
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spelling pubmed-49471522016-07-27 What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow Gompert, Zachariah Buerkle, C. Alex Evol Appl Original Article Hybridization is a potent evolutionary process that can affect the origin, maintenance, and loss of biodiversity. Because of its ecological and evolutionary consequences, an understanding of hybridization is important for basic and applied sciences, including conservation biology and agriculture. Herein, we review and discuss ideas that are relevant to the recognition of hybrids and hybridization. We supplement this discussion with simulations. The ideas we present have a long history, particularly in botany, and clarifying them should have practical consequences for managing hybridization and gene flow in plants. One of our primary goals is to illustrate what we can and cannot infer about hybrids and hybridization from molecular data; in other words, we ask when genetic analyses commonly used to study hybridization might mislead us about the history or nature of gene flow and selection. We focus on patterns of variation when hybridization is recent and populations are polymorphic, which are particularly informative for applied issues, such as contemporary hybridization following recent ecological change. We show that hybridization is not a singular process, but instead a collection of related processes with variable outcomes and consequences. Thus, it will often be inappropriate to generalize about the threats or benefits of hybridization from individual studies, and at minimum, it will be important to avoid categorical thinking about what hybridization and hybrids are. We recommend potential sampling and analytical approaches that should help us confront these complexities of hybridization. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2016-04-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4947152/ /pubmed/27468308 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12380 Text en © 2016 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Gompert, Zachariah
Buerkle, C. Alex
What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title_full What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title_fullStr What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title_full_unstemmed What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title_short What, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
title_sort what, if anything, are hybrids: enduring truths and challenges associated with population structure and gene flow
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4947152/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27468308
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.12380
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