High-performance perovskite CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) thin films for solar cells prepared by single-source physical vapour deposition

In this work, an alternative route to fabricating high-quality CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) thin films is proposed. Single-source physical vapour deposition (SSPVD) without a post-heat-treating process was used to prepare CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) thin films at room temperature. This new process enabled complete surface coverage and moisture stability in a non-vacuum solution. Moreover, the challenges of simultaneously controlling evaporation processes of the organic and inorganic sources via dual-source vapour evaporation and the heating process required to obtain high crystallization were avoided. Excellent composition with stoichiometry transferred from the powder material, a high level of tetragonal phase-purity, full surface coverage, well-defined grain structure, high crystallization and reproducibility were obtained. A PCE of approximately 10.90% was obtained with a device based on SSPVD CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3). These initial results suggest that SSPVD is a promising method to significantly optimize perovskite CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) solar cell efficiency.