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Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats
Orthodontic forces disturb the microenvironment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), and induce craniofacial bone remodeling which is necessary for tooth movement. Unfortunately, orthodontic tooth movement is often hampered by ischemic injury and cell death within the PDL (hyalinization) and root reso...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4949267/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00283 |
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author | Suttorp, Christiaan M. Xie, Rui Lundvig, Ditte M. S. Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie Uijttenboogaart, Jasper Tom Van Rheden, René Maltha, Jaap C. Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. |
author_facet | Suttorp, Christiaan M. Xie, Rui Lundvig, Ditte M. S. Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie Uijttenboogaart, Jasper Tom Van Rheden, René Maltha, Jaap C. Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. |
author_sort | Suttorp, Christiaan M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Orthodontic forces disturb the microenvironment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), and induce craniofacial bone remodeling which is necessary for tooth movement. Unfortunately, orthodontic tooth movement is often hampered by ischemic injury and cell death within the PDL (hyalinization) and root resorption. Large inter-individual differences in hyalinization and root resorption have been observed, and may be explained by differential protection against hyalinization. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) forms an important protective mechanism by breaking down heme into the strong anti-oxidants biliverdin/bilirubin and the signaling molecule carbon monoxide. These versatile HO-1 products protect against ischemic and inflammatory injury. We postulate that orthodontic forces induce HO-1 expression in the PDL during experimental tooth movement. Twenty-five 6-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this study. The upper three molars at one side were moved mesially using a Nickel-Titanium coil spring, providing a continuous orthodontic force of 10 cN. The contralateral side served as control. After 6, 12, 72, 96, and 120 h groups of rats were killed. On parasagittal sections immunohistochemical staining was performed for analysis of HO-1 expression and quantification of osteoclasts. Orthodontic force induced a significant time-dependent HO-1 expression in mononuclear cells within the PDL at both the apposition- and resorption side. Shortly after placement of the orthodontic appliance HO-1 expression was highly induced in PDL cells but dropped to control levels within 72 h. Some osteoclasts were also HO-1 positive but this induction was shown to be independent of time- and mechanical stress. It is tempting to speculate that differential induction of tissue protecting- and osteoclast activating genes in the PDL determine the level of bone resorption and hyalinization and, subsequently, “fast” and “slow” tooth movers during orthodontic treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4949267 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49492672016-08-02 Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats Suttorp, Christiaan M. Xie, Rui Lundvig, Ditte M. S. Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie Uijttenboogaart, Jasper Tom Van Rheden, René Maltha, Jaap C. Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. Front Physiol Physiology Orthodontic forces disturb the microenvironment of the periodontal ligament (PDL), and induce craniofacial bone remodeling which is necessary for tooth movement. Unfortunately, orthodontic tooth movement is often hampered by ischemic injury and cell death within the PDL (hyalinization) and root resorption. Large inter-individual differences in hyalinization and root resorption have been observed, and may be explained by differential protection against hyalinization. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) forms an important protective mechanism by breaking down heme into the strong anti-oxidants biliverdin/bilirubin and the signaling molecule carbon monoxide. These versatile HO-1 products protect against ischemic and inflammatory injury. We postulate that orthodontic forces induce HO-1 expression in the PDL during experimental tooth movement. Twenty-five 6-week-old male Wistar rats were used in this study. The upper three molars at one side were moved mesially using a Nickel-Titanium coil spring, providing a continuous orthodontic force of 10 cN. The contralateral side served as control. After 6, 12, 72, 96, and 120 h groups of rats were killed. On parasagittal sections immunohistochemical staining was performed for analysis of HO-1 expression and quantification of osteoclasts. Orthodontic force induced a significant time-dependent HO-1 expression in mononuclear cells within the PDL at both the apposition- and resorption side. Shortly after placement of the orthodontic appliance HO-1 expression was highly induced in PDL cells but dropped to control levels within 72 h. Some osteoclasts were also HO-1 positive but this induction was shown to be independent of time- and mechanical stress. It is tempting to speculate that differential induction of tissue protecting- and osteoclast activating genes in the PDL determine the level of bone resorption and hyalinization and, subsequently, “fast” and “slow” tooth movers during orthodontic treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4949267/ /pubmed/27486402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00283 Text en Copyright © 2016 Suttorp, Xie, Lundvig, Kuijpers-Jagtman, Uijttenboogaart, Van Rheden, Maltha and Wagener. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Suttorp, Christiaan M. Xie, Rui Lundvig, Ditte M. S. Kuijpers-Jagtman, Anne Marie Uijttenboogaart, Jasper Tom Van Rheden, René Maltha, Jaap C. Wagener, Frank A. D. T. G. Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title | Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title_full | Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title_fullStr | Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title_short | Orthodontic Forces Induce the Cytoprotective Enzyme Heme Oxygenase-1 in Rats |
title_sort | orthodontic forces induce the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 in rats |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4949267/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00283 |
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