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Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure

The pathophysiological mechanism of decompression sickness is not fully understood but there is evidence that it can be caused by intravascular and autochthonous bubbles. Doppler ultrasound at a given circulatory location is used to detect and quantify the presence of intravascular gas bubbles as an...

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Autores principales: Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara, Møllerløkken, Andreas, Havnes, Marianne B., Brubakk, Alf O., González-Díaz, Oscar, Fernández, Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4954815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27493634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00310
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author Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara
Møllerløkken, Andreas
Havnes, Marianne B.
Brubakk, Alf O.
González-Díaz, Oscar
Fernández, Antonio
author_facet Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara
Møllerløkken, Andreas
Havnes, Marianne B.
Brubakk, Alf O.
González-Díaz, Oscar
Fernández, Antonio
author_sort Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara
collection PubMed
description The pathophysiological mechanism of decompression sickness is not fully understood but there is evidence that it can be caused by intravascular and autochthonous bubbles. Doppler ultrasound at a given circulatory location is used to detect and quantify the presence of intravascular gas bubbles as an indicator of decompression stress. In this manuscript we studied the relationship between presence and quantity of gas bubbles by echosonography of the pulmonary artery of anesthetized, air-breathing New Zealand White rabbits that were compressed and decompressed. Mortality rate, presence, quantity, and distribution of gas bubbles elsewhere in the body was examined postmortem. We found a strong positive relationship between high ultrasound bubble grades in the pulmonary artery, sudden death, and high amount of intra and extra vascular gas bubbles widespread throughout the entire organism. In contrast, animals with lower bubble grades survived for 1 h after decompression until sacrificed, and showed no gas bubbles during dissection.
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spelling pubmed-49548152016-08-04 Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara Møllerløkken, Andreas Havnes, Marianne B. Brubakk, Alf O. González-Díaz, Oscar Fernández, Antonio Front Physiol Physiology The pathophysiological mechanism of decompression sickness is not fully understood but there is evidence that it can be caused by intravascular and autochthonous bubbles. Doppler ultrasound at a given circulatory location is used to detect and quantify the presence of intravascular gas bubbles as an indicator of decompression stress. In this manuscript we studied the relationship between presence and quantity of gas bubbles by echosonography of the pulmonary artery of anesthetized, air-breathing New Zealand White rabbits that were compressed and decompressed. Mortality rate, presence, quantity, and distribution of gas bubbles elsewhere in the body was examined postmortem. We found a strong positive relationship between high ultrasound bubble grades in the pulmonary artery, sudden death, and high amount of intra and extra vascular gas bubbles widespread throughout the entire organism. In contrast, animals with lower bubble grades survived for 1 h after decompression until sacrificed, and showed no gas bubbles during dissection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-07-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4954815/ /pubmed/27493634 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00310 Text en Copyright © 2016 Bernaldo de Quirós, Møllerløkken, Havnes, Brubakk, González-Díaz and Fernández. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Bernaldo de Quirós, Yara
Møllerløkken, Andreas
Havnes, Marianne B.
Brubakk, Alf O.
González-Díaz, Oscar
Fernández, Antonio
Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title_full Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title_fullStr Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title_full_unstemmed Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title_short Bubbles Quantified In vivo by Ultrasound Relates to Amount of Gas Detected Post-mortem in Rabbits Decompressed from High Pressure
title_sort bubbles quantified in vivo by ultrasound relates to amount of gas detected post-mortem in rabbits decompressed from high pressure
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4954815/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27493634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2016.00310
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