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Transporting mitochondria in neurons

Neurons demand vast and vacillating supplies of energy. As the key contributors of this energy, as well as primary pools of calcium and signaling molecules, mitochondria must be where the neuron needs them, when the neuron needs them. The unique architecture and length of neurons, however, make them...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Course, Meredith M., Wang, Xinnan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000Research 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4955021/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27508065
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7864.1
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author Course, Meredith M.
Wang, Xinnan
author_facet Course, Meredith M.
Wang, Xinnan
author_sort Course, Meredith M.
collection PubMed
description Neurons demand vast and vacillating supplies of energy. As the key contributors of this energy, as well as primary pools of calcium and signaling molecules, mitochondria must be where the neuron needs them, when the neuron needs them. The unique architecture and length of neurons, however, make them a complex system for mitochondria to navigate. To add to this difficulty, mitochondria are synthesized mainly in the soma, but must be transported as far as the distant terminals of the neuron. Similarly, damaged mitochondria—which can cause oxidative stress to the neuron—must fuse with healthy mitochondria to repair the damage, return all the way back to the soma for disposal, or be eliminated at the terminals. Increasing evidence suggests that the improper distribution of mitochondria in neurons can lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we will discuss the machinery and regulatory systems used to properly distribute mitochondria in neurons, and how this knowledge has been leveraged to better understand neurological dysfunction.
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spelling pubmed-49550212016-08-08 Transporting mitochondria in neurons Course, Meredith M. Wang, Xinnan F1000Res Review Neurons demand vast and vacillating supplies of energy. As the key contributors of this energy, as well as primary pools of calcium and signaling molecules, mitochondria must be where the neuron needs them, when the neuron needs them. The unique architecture and length of neurons, however, make them a complex system for mitochondria to navigate. To add to this difficulty, mitochondria are synthesized mainly in the soma, but must be transported as far as the distant terminals of the neuron. Similarly, damaged mitochondria—which can cause oxidative stress to the neuron—must fuse with healthy mitochondria to repair the damage, return all the way back to the soma for disposal, or be eliminated at the terminals. Increasing evidence suggests that the improper distribution of mitochondria in neurons can lead to neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we will discuss the machinery and regulatory systems used to properly distribute mitochondria in neurons, and how this knowledge has been leveraged to better understand neurological dysfunction. F1000Research 2016-07-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4955021/ /pubmed/27508065 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7864.1 Text en Copyright: © 2016 Course MM and Wang X http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Course, Meredith M.
Wang, Xinnan
Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title_full Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title_fullStr Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title_full_unstemmed Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title_short Transporting mitochondria in neurons
title_sort transporting mitochondria in neurons
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4955021/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27508065
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7864.1
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