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Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay
ABSTRACT: The aim of this manuscript is to describe radiological findings of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic disease of unknown origin, characterized by non-caseating epitheliod granulomas. Ninety percent of patients show granulomas located in the lungs or in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4956623/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0495-4 |
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author | Palmucci, Stefano Torrisi, Sebastiano Emanuele Caltabiano, Daniele Carmelo Puglisi, Silvia Lentini, Viviana Grassedonio, Emanuele Vindigni, Virginia Reggio, Ester Giuliano, Riccardo Micali, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Andreula, Cosma Foti, Pietro Valerio Ettorre, Giovanni Carlo Walsh, Simon LF Vancheri, Carlo |
author_facet | Palmucci, Stefano Torrisi, Sebastiano Emanuele Caltabiano, Daniele Carmelo Puglisi, Silvia Lentini, Viviana Grassedonio, Emanuele Vindigni, Virginia Reggio, Ester Giuliano, Riccardo Micali, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Andreula, Cosma Foti, Pietro Valerio Ettorre, Giovanni Carlo Walsh, Simon LF Vancheri, Carlo |
author_sort | Palmucci, Stefano |
collection | PubMed |
description | ABSTRACT: The aim of this manuscript is to describe radiological findings of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic disease of unknown origin, characterized by non-caseating epitheliod granulomas. Ninety percent of patients show granulomas located in the lungs or in the related lymph nodes. However, lesions can affect any organ. Typical imaging features of liver and spleen sarcoidosis include visceromegaly, with multiple nodules hypodense on CT images and hypointense on T2-weighted MRI acquisitions. Main clinical and radiological manifestations of renal sarcoidosis are nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and acute interstitial nephritis. Brain sarcoidosis shows multiple or solitary parenchymal nodules on MRI that enhance with a ring-like appearance after gadolinium. In spinal cord localization, MRI demonstrates enlargement and hyperintensity of spinal cord, with hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images. Skeletal involvement is mostly located in small bone, showing many lytic lesions; less frequently, bone lesions have a sclerotic appearance. Ocular involvement includes uveitis, conjunctivitis, optical nerve disease, chorioretinis. Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations encountered. Sarcoidosis in various organs can be very insidious for radiologists, showing different imaging features, often non-specific. Awareness of these imaging features helps radiologists to obtain the correct diagnosis. TEACHING POINTS: • Systemic sarcoidosis can exhibit abdominal, neural, skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous manifestations. • T2 signal intensity of hepatosplenic nodules may reflect the disease activity. • Heerfordt’s syndrome includes facial nerve palsy, fever, parotid swelling, and uveitis. • In the vertebrae, osteolytic and/or diffuse sclerotic lesions can be found. • Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4956623 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49566232016-08-01 Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay Palmucci, Stefano Torrisi, Sebastiano Emanuele Caltabiano, Daniele Carmelo Puglisi, Silvia Lentini, Viviana Grassedonio, Emanuele Vindigni, Virginia Reggio, Ester Giuliano, Riccardo Micali, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Andreula, Cosma Foti, Pietro Valerio Ettorre, Giovanni Carlo Walsh, Simon LF Vancheri, Carlo Insights Imaging Pictorial Review ABSTRACT: The aim of this manuscript is to describe radiological findings of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated systemic disease of unknown origin, characterized by non-caseating epitheliod granulomas. Ninety percent of patients show granulomas located in the lungs or in the related lymph nodes. However, lesions can affect any organ. Typical imaging features of liver and spleen sarcoidosis include visceromegaly, with multiple nodules hypodense on CT images and hypointense on T2-weighted MRI acquisitions. Main clinical and radiological manifestations of renal sarcoidosis are nephrolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, and acute interstitial nephritis. Brain sarcoidosis shows multiple or solitary parenchymal nodules on MRI that enhance with a ring-like appearance after gadolinium. In spinal cord localization, MRI demonstrates enlargement and hyperintensity of spinal cord, with hypointense lesions on T2-weighted images. Skeletal involvement is mostly located in small bone, showing many lytic lesions; less frequently, bone lesions have a sclerotic appearance. Ocular involvement includes uveitis, conjunctivitis, optical nerve disease, chorioretinis. Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations encountered. Sarcoidosis in various organs can be very insidious for radiologists, showing different imaging features, often non-specific. Awareness of these imaging features helps radiologists to obtain the correct diagnosis. TEACHING POINTS: • Systemic sarcoidosis can exhibit abdominal, neural, skeletal, ocular, and cutaneous manifestations. • T2 signal intensity of hepatosplenic nodules may reflect the disease activity. • Heerfordt’s syndrome includes facial nerve palsy, fever, parotid swelling, and uveitis. • In the vertebrae, osteolytic and/or diffuse sclerotic lesions can be found. • Erythema nodosum and lupus pernio represent the most common cutaneous manifestations. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-05-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4956623/ /pubmed/27222055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0495-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Pictorial Review Palmucci, Stefano Torrisi, Sebastiano Emanuele Caltabiano, Daniele Carmelo Puglisi, Silvia Lentini, Viviana Grassedonio, Emanuele Vindigni, Virginia Reggio, Ester Giuliano, Riccardo Micali, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Andreula, Cosma Foti, Pietro Valerio Ettorre, Giovanni Carlo Walsh, Simon LF Vancheri, Carlo Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title | Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title_full | Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title_fullStr | Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title_full_unstemmed | Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title_short | Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
title_sort | clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay |
topic | Pictorial Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4956623/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27222055 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13244-016-0495-4 |
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