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Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota
Sequencing technologies have recently facilitated the characterization of bacterial communities present in lungs during health and disease. However, there is currently a dearth of information concerning the variability of such data in health both between and within subjects. This study seeks to exam...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959240/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26994083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00540-16 |
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author | Glendinning, Laura Wright, Steven Pollock, Jolinda Tennant, Peter Collie, David McLachlan, Gerry |
author_facet | Glendinning, Laura Wright, Steven Pollock, Jolinda Tennant, Peter Collie, David McLachlan, Gerry |
author_sort | Glendinning, Laura |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sequencing technologies have recently facilitated the characterization of bacterial communities present in lungs during health and disease. However, there is currently a dearth of information concerning the variability of such data in health both between and within subjects. This study seeks to examine such variability using healthy adult sheep as our model system. Protected specimen brush samples were collected from three spatially disparate segmental bronchi of six adult sheep (age, 20 months) on three occasions (day 0, 1 month, and 3 months). To further explore the spatial variability of the microbiotas, more-extensive brushing samples (n = 16) and a throat swab were taken from a separate sheep. The V2 and V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq. DNA sequences were analyzed using the mothur software package. Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify total bacterial DNA. Some sheep lungs contained dramatically different bacterial communities at different sampling sites, whereas in others, airway microbiotas appeared similar across the lung. In our spatial variability study, we observed clustering related to the depth within the lung from which samples were taken. Lung depth refers to increasing distance from the glottis, progressing in a caudal direction. We conclude that both host influence and local factors have impacts on the composition of the sheep lung microbiota. IMPORTANCE Until recently, it was assumed that the lungs were a sterile environment which was colonized by microbes only during disease. However, recent studies using sequencing technologies have found that there is a small population of bacteria which exists in the lung during health, referred to as the “lung microbiota.” In this study, we characterize the variability of the lung microbiotas of healthy sheep. Sheep not only are economically important animals but also are often used as large animal models of human respiratory disease. We conclude that, while host influence does play a role in dictating the types of microbes which colonize the airways, it is clear that local factors also play an important role in this regard. Understanding the nature and influence of these factors will be key to understanding the variability in, and functional relevance of, the lung microbiota. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4959240 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49592402016-07-26 Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota Glendinning, Laura Wright, Steven Pollock, Jolinda Tennant, Peter Collie, David McLachlan, Gerry Appl Environ Microbiol Microbial Ecology Sequencing technologies have recently facilitated the characterization of bacterial communities present in lungs during health and disease. However, there is currently a dearth of information concerning the variability of such data in health both between and within subjects. This study seeks to examine such variability using healthy adult sheep as our model system. Protected specimen brush samples were collected from three spatially disparate segmental bronchi of six adult sheep (age, 20 months) on three occasions (day 0, 1 month, and 3 months). To further explore the spatial variability of the microbiotas, more-extensive brushing samples (n = 16) and a throat swab were taken from a separate sheep. The V2 and V3 hypervariable regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified and sequenced via Illumina MiSeq. DNA sequences were analyzed using the mothur software package. Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify total bacterial DNA. Some sheep lungs contained dramatically different bacterial communities at different sampling sites, whereas in others, airway microbiotas appeared similar across the lung. In our spatial variability study, we observed clustering related to the depth within the lung from which samples were taken. Lung depth refers to increasing distance from the glottis, progressing in a caudal direction. We conclude that both host influence and local factors have impacts on the composition of the sheep lung microbiota. IMPORTANCE Until recently, it was assumed that the lungs were a sterile environment which was colonized by microbes only during disease. However, recent studies using sequencing technologies have found that there is a small population of bacteria which exists in the lung during health, referred to as the “lung microbiota.” In this study, we characterize the variability of the lung microbiotas of healthy sheep. Sheep not only are economically important animals but also are often used as large animal models of human respiratory disease. We conclude that, while host influence does play a role in dictating the types of microbes which colonize the airways, it is clear that local factors also play an important role in this regard. Understanding the nature and influence of these factors will be key to understanding the variability in, and functional relevance of, the lung microbiota. American Society for Microbiology 2016-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4959240/ /pubmed/26994083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00540-16 Text en Copyright © 2016 Glendinning et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Microbial Ecology Glendinning, Laura Wright, Steven Pollock, Jolinda Tennant, Peter Collie, David McLachlan, Gerry Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title | Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title_full | Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title_fullStr | Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title_full_unstemmed | Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title_short | Variability of the Sheep Lung Microbiota |
title_sort | variability of the sheep lung microbiota |
topic | Microbial Ecology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4959240/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26994083 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00540-16 |
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