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Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification
Streptococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria involved in severe and invasive diseases in humans and animals. Although, this group includes different pathogenic species involved in life-threatening infections for humans, it also includes beneficial species, such as Streptococcus thermophilus, whi...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960207/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01161 |
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author | Zorgani, Mohamed A. Quentin, Roland Lartigue, Marie-Frédérique |
author_facet | Zorgani, Mohamed A. Quentin, Roland Lartigue, Marie-Frédérique |
author_sort | Zorgani, Mohamed A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Streptococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria involved in severe and invasive diseases in humans and animals. Although, this group includes different pathogenic species involved in life-threatening infections for humans, it also includes beneficial species, such as Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in yogurt production. In bacteria virulence factors are controlled by various regulatory networks including regulatory RNAs. For clearness and to develop logical thinking, we start this review with a revision of regulatory RNAs nomenclature. Previous reviews are mostly dealing with Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae regulatory RNAs. We especially focused our analysis on regulatory RNAs in Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus and other less studied Streptococcus species. Although, S. agalactiae RNome remains largely unknown, sRNAs (small RNAs) are supposed to mediate regulation during environmental adaptation and host infection. In the case of S. mutans, sRNAs are suggested to be involved in competence regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and Toxin–Antitoxin systems. A new category of miRNA-size small RNAs (msRNAs) was also identified for the first time in this species. The analysis of S. thermophilus sRNome shows that many sRNAs are associated to the bacterial immune system known as CRISPR-Cas system. Only few of the other different Streptococcus species have been the subject of studies pointed toward the characterization of regulatory RNAs. Finally, understanding bacterial sRNome can constitute one step forward to the elaboration of new strategies in therapy such as substitution of antibiotics in the management of S. agalactiae neonatal infections, prevention of S. mutans dental caries or use of S. thermophilus CRISPR-Cas system in genome editing applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4960207 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49602072016-08-09 Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification Zorgani, Mohamed A. Quentin, Roland Lartigue, Marie-Frédérique Front Microbiol Microbiology Streptococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria involved in severe and invasive diseases in humans and animals. Although, this group includes different pathogenic species involved in life-threatening infections for humans, it also includes beneficial species, such as Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in yogurt production. In bacteria virulence factors are controlled by various regulatory networks including regulatory RNAs. For clearness and to develop logical thinking, we start this review with a revision of regulatory RNAs nomenclature. Previous reviews are mostly dealing with Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae regulatory RNAs. We especially focused our analysis on regulatory RNAs in Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus and other less studied Streptococcus species. Although, S. agalactiae RNome remains largely unknown, sRNAs (small RNAs) are supposed to mediate regulation during environmental adaptation and host infection. In the case of S. mutans, sRNAs are suggested to be involved in competence regulation, carbohydrate metabolism, and Toxin–Antitoxin systems. A new category of miRNA-size small RNAs (msRNAs) was also identified for the first time in this species. The analysis of S. thermophilus sRNome shows that many sRNAs are associated to the bacterial immune system known as CRISPR-Cas system. Only few of the other different Streptococcus species have been the subject of studies pointed toward the characterization of regulatory RNAs. Finally, understanding bacterial sRNome can constitute one step forward to the elaboration of new strategies in therapy such as substitution of antibiotics in the management of S. agalactiae neonatal infections, prevention of S. mutans dental caries or use of S. thermophilus CRISPR-Cas system in genome editing applications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-07-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4960207/ /pubmed/27507970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01161 Text en Copyright © 2016 Zorgani, Quentin and Lartigue. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Zorgani, Mohamed A. Quentin, Roland Lartigue, Marie-Frédérique Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title | Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title_full | Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title_fullStr | Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title_full_unstemmed | Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title_short | Regulatory RNAs in the Less Studied Streptococcal Species: From Nomenclature to Identification |
title_sort | regulatory rnas in the less studied streptococcal species: from nomenclature to identification |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960207/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27507970 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01161 |
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