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The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir

The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly be...

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Autores principales: Koulakov, Ivan, Kasatkina, Ekaterina, Shapiro, Nikolai M., Jaupart, Claude, Vasilevsky, Alexander, El Khrepy, Sami, Al-Arifi, Nassir, Smirnov, Sergey
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433784
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12228
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author Koulakov, Ivan
Kasatkina, Ekaterina
Shapiro, Nikolai M.
Jaupart, Claude
Vasilevsky, Alexander
El Khrepy, Sami
Al-Arifi, Nassir
Smirnov, Sergey
author_facet Koulakov, Ivan
Kasatkina, Ekaterina
Shapiro, Nikolai M.
Jaupart, Claude
Vasilevsky, Alexander
El Khrepy, Sami
Al-Arifi, Nassir
Smirnov, Sergey
author_sort Koulakov, Ivan
collection PubMed
description The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ∼150 km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ∼50,000 km(3) reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions.
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spelling pubmed-49603212016-09-06 The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir Koulakov, Ivan Kasatkina, Ekaterina Shapiro, Nikolai M. Jaupart, Claude Vasilevsky, Alexander El Khrepy, Sami Al-Arifi, Nassir Smirnov, Sergey Nat Commun Article The Toba Caldera has been the site of several large explosive eruptions in the recent geological past, including the world's largest Pleistocene eruption 74,000 years ago. The major cause of this particular behaviour may be the subduction of the fluid-rich Investigator Fracture Zone directly beneath the continental crust of Sumatra and possible tear of the slab. Here we show a new seismic tomography model, which clearly reveals a complex multilevel plumbing system beneath Toba. Large amounts of volatiles originate in the subducting slab at a depth of ∼150 km, migrate upward and cause active melting in the mantle wedge. The volatile-rich basic magmas accumulate at the base of the crust in a ∼50,000 km(3) reservoir. The overheated volatiles continue ascending through the crust and cause melting of the upper crust rocks. This leads to the formation of a shallow crustal reservoir that is directly responsible for the supereruptions. Nature Publishing Group 2016-07-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4960321/ /pubmed/27433784 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12228 Text en Copyright © 2016, Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Article
Koulakov, Ivan
Kasatkina, Ekaterina
Shapiro, Nikolai M.
Jaupart, Claude
Vasilevsky, Alexander
El Khrepy, Sami
Al-Arifi, Nassir
Smirnov, Sergey
The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title_full The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title_fullStr The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title_full_unstemmed The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title_short The feeder system of the Toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
title_sort feeder system of the toba supervolcano from the slab to the shallow reservoir
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4960321/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27433784
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12228
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