Effects of electrical stimulation therapy on the blood flow in chronic critical limb ischemia patients following regenerative therapy

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of electrical stimulation therapy on cutaneous and muscle blood flow in critical limb ischemia patients following regenerative therapy. METHODS: Three groups were studied: 10 healthy young subjects, 10 elderly subjects, and 7 critical limb ischemia patients after regenerative therapy. After 5 min rest, electrical stimulation was applied at 5 Hz on the tibialis anterior muscle for 10 min. We estimated the relative changes in oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin compared to the basal values at rest (Δ[HbO(2)], Δ[Hb(tot)]), which reflected the blood flow in the skin and muscle layer, and we simultaneously measured the tissue O(2) saturation (S(t)O(2)) throughout the electrical stimulation and recovery phase by near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS: The Δ[HbO(2)] and Δ[Hb(tot)] values of the muscle layer in critical limb ischemia patients increased gradually and remained significantly higher at the 5-min and 10-min recovery periods after the electrical stimulation without reducing the S(t)O(2), but there is no significant change in the other two groups. Skin blood flow was not influenced by electrical stimulation in three groups. CONCLUSION: This improvement of the peripheral circulation by electrical stimulation would be beneficial as the adjunctive therapy after regenerative cell therapy.