Cargando…

Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of hepatic changes, which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome; however, mechani...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ni, Yinhua, Zhuge, Fen, Nagashimada, Mayumi, Ota, Tsuguhito
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070391
_version_ 1782444995830087680
author Ni, Yinhua
Zhuge, Fen
Nagashimada, Mayumi
Ota, Tsuguhito
author_facet Ni, Yinhua
Zhuge, Fen
Nagashimada, Mayumi
Ota, Tsuguhito
author_sort Ni, Yinhua
collection PubMed
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of hepatic changes, which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome; however, mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of NAFLD are still unclear. Resident and recruited macrophages are key players in the homeostatic function of the liver and in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarized activation of macrophages. New NAFLD therapies will likely involve modification of macrophage polarization by restraining M1 activation or driving M2 activation. Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory micronutrients that have been used to prevent and treat NAFLD. In addition to their antioxidative action, carotenoids can regulate macrophage polarization and thereby halt the progression of NASH. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and the function of liver macrophages/Kupffer cells in NAFLD. From our review, we propose that dietary carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin and astaxanthin, be used to prevent or treat NAFLD through the regulation of macrophage polarization and liver homeostasis.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4963867
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-49638672016-08-03 Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis Ni, Yinhua Zhuge, Fen Nagashimada, Mayumi Ota, Tsuguhito Nutrients Review Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. It is characterized by a wide spectrum of hepatic changes, which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. NAFLD is considered a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome; however, mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of NAFLD are still unclear. Resident and recruited macrophages are key players in the homeostatic function of the liver and in the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the polarized activation of macrophages. New NAFLD therapies will likely involve modification of macrophage polarization by restraining M1 activation or driving M2 activation. Carotenoids are potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory micronutrients that have been used to prevent and treat NAFLD. In addition to their antioxidative action, carotenoids can regulate macrophage polarization and thereby halt the progression of NASH. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of macrophage polarization and the function of liver macrophages/Kupffer cells in NAFLD. From our review, we propose that dietary carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin and astaxanthin, be used to prevent or treat NAFLD through the regulation of macrophage polarization and liver homeostasis. MDPI 2016-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4963867/ /pubmed/27347998 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070391 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ni, Yinhua
Zhuge, Fen
Nagashimada, Mayumi
Ota, Tsuguhito
Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title_full Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title_fullStr Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title_short Novel Action of Carotenoids on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Macrophage Polarization and Liver Homeostasis
title_sort novel action of carotenoids on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: macrophage polarization and liver homeostasis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963867/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347998
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070391
work_keys_str_mv AT niyinhua novelactionofcarotenoidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasemacrophagepolarizationandliverhomeostasis
AT zhugefen novelactionofcarotenoidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasemacrophagepolarizationandliverhomeostasis
AT nagashimadamayumi novelactionofcarotenoidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasemacrophagepolarizationandliverhomeostasis
AT otatsuguhito novelactionofcarotenoidsonnonalcoholicfattyliverdiseasemacrophagepolarizationandliverhomeostasis