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Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users
Caffeine supplementation during whole-/lower-body exercise is well-researched, yet evidence of its effect during upper-body exercise is equivocal. The current study explored the effects of caffeine on cycling/handcycling 10 km time trial (TT) performance in habitual caffeine users. Eleven recreation...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27348000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070393 |
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author | Graham-Paulson, Terri Perret, Claudio Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria |
author_facet | Graham-Paulson, Terri Perret, Claudio Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria |
author_sort | Graham-Paulson, Terri |
collection | PubMed |
description | Caffeine supplementation during whole-/lower-body exercise is well-researched, yet evidence of its effect during upper-body exercise is equivocal. The current study explored the effects of caffeine on cycling/handcycling 10 km time trial (TT) performance in habitual caffeine users. Eleven recreationally trained males (mean (SD) age 24 (4) years, body mass 85.1 (14.6) kg, cycling/handcycling peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] (peak)) 42.9 (7.3)/27.6 (5.1) mL∙kg∙min(−1), 160 (168) mg/day caffeine consumption) completed two maximal incremental tests and two familiarization sessions. During four subsequent visits, participants cycled/handcycled for 30 min at 65% mode-specific [Formula: see text] (peak) (preload) followed by a 10 km TT following the ingestion of 4 mg∙kg(−1) caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA). Caffeine significantly improved cycling (2.0 (2.0)%; 16:35 vs. 16:56 min; p = 0.033) but not handcycling (1.8 (3.0)%; 24:10 vs. 24:36 min; p = 0.153) TT performance compared to PLA. The improvement during cycling can be attributed to the increased power output during the first and last 2 km during CAF. Higher blood lactate concentration (Bla) was reported during CAF compared to PLA (p < 0.007) and was evident 5 min post-TT during cycling (11.2 ± 2.6 and 8.8 ± 3.2 mmol/L; p = 0.001) and handcycling (10.6 ± 2.5 and 9.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p = 0.006). Lower overall ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were seen following CAF during the preload (p < 0.05) but not post-TT. Lower peripheral RPE were reported at 20 min during cycling and at 30 min during handcycling, and lower central RPE was seen at 30 min during cycling (p < 0.05). Caffeine improved cycling but not handcycling TT performance. The lack of improvement during handcycling may be due to the smaller active muscle mass, elevated (Bla) and/or participants’ training status. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4963869 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49638692016-08-03 Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users Graham-Paulson, Terri Perret, Claudio Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria Nutrients Article Caffeine supplementation during whole-/lower-body exercise is well-researched, yet evidence of its effect during upper-body exercise is equivocal. The current study explored the effects of caffeine on cycling/handcycling 10 km time trial (TT) performance in habitual caffeine users. Eleven recreationally trained males (mean (SD) age 24 (4) years, body mass 85.1 (14.6) kg, cycling/handcycling peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text] (peak)) 42.9 (7.3)/27.6 (5.1) mL∙kg∙min(−1), 160 (168) mg/day caffeine consumption) completed two maximal incremental tests and two familiarization sessions. During four subsequent visits, participants cycled/handcycled for 30 min at 65% mode-specific [Formula: see text] (peak) (preload) followed by a 10 km TT following the ingestion of 4 mg∙kg(−1) caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA). Caffeine significantly improved cycling (2.0 (2.0)%; 16:35 vs. 16:56 min; p = 0.033) but not handcycling (1.8 (3.0)%; 24:10 vs. 24:36 min; p = 0.153) TT performance compared to PLA. The improvement during cycling can be attributed to the increased power output during the first and last 2 km during CAF. Higher blood lactate concentration (Bla) was reported during CAF compared to PLA (p < 0.007) and was evident 5 min post-TT during cycling (11.2 ± 2.6 and 8.8 ± 3.2 mmol/L; p = 0.001) and handcycling (10.6 ± 2.5 and 9.2 ± 2.9 mmol/L; p = 0.006). Lower overall ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were seen following CAF during the preload (p < 0.05) but not post-TT. Lower peripheral RPE were reported at 20 min during cycling and at 30 min during handcycling, and lower central RPE was seen at 30 min during cycling (p < 0.05). Caffeine improved cycling but not handcycling TT performance. The lack of improvement during handcycling may be due to the smaller active muscle mass, elevated (Bla) and/or participants’ training status. MDPI 2016-06-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4963869/ /pubmed/27348000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070393 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Graham-Paulson, Terri Perret, Claudio Goosey-Tolfrey, Victoria Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title | Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title_full | Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title_fullStr | Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title_full_unstemmed | Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title_short | Improvements in Cycling but Not Handcycling 10 km Time Trial Performance in Habitual Caffeine Users |
title_sort | improvements in cycling but not handcycling 10 km time trial performance in habitual caffeine users |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4963869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27348000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu8070393 |
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