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Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans

Plant-specific GRAS transcription factors play important roles in regulating growth, development, and stress responses. Castor beans (Ricinus communis) are important non-edible oilseed plants, cultivated worldwide for its seed oils and its adaptability to growth conditions. In this study, we identif...

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Autores principales: Xu, Wei, Chen, Zexi, Ahmed, Naeem, Han, Bing, Cui, Qinghua, Liu, Aizhong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4964380/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347937
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071004
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author Xu, Wei
Chen, Zexi
Ahmed, Naeem
Han, Bing
Cui, Qinghua
Liu, Aizhong
author_facet Xu, Wei
Chen, Zexi
Ahmed, Naeem
Han, Bing
Cui, Qinghua
Liu, Aizhong
author_sort Xu, Wei
collection PubMed
description Plant-specific GRAS transcription factors play important roles in regulating growth, development, and stress responses. Castor beans (Ricinus communis) are important non-edible oilseed plants, cultivated worldwide for its seed oils and its adaptability to growth conditions. In this study, we identified and characterized a total of 48 GRAS genes based on the castor bean genome. Combined with phylogenetic analysis, the castor bean GRAS members were divided into 13 distinct groups. Functional divergence analysis revealed the presence of mostly Type-I functional divergence. The gene structures and conserved motifs, both within and outside the GRAS domain, were characterized. Gene expression analysis, performed in various tissues and under a range of abiotic stress conditions, uncovered the potential functions of GRAS members in regulating plant growth development and stress responses. The results obtained from this study provide valuable information toward understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of GRAS proteins in castor beans. These findings also serve as a resource for identifying the genes that allow castor beans to grow in stressful conditions and to enable further breeding and genetic improvements in agriculture.
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spelling pubmed-49643802016-08-03 Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans Xu, Wei Chen, Zexi Ahmed, Naeem Han, Bing Cui, Qinghua Liu, Aizhong Int J Mol Sci Article Plant-specific GRAS transcription factors play important roles in regulating growth, development, and stress responses. Castor beans (Ricinus communis) are important non-edible oilseed plants, cultivated worldwide for its seed oils and its adaptability to growth conditions. In this study, we identified and characterized a total of 48 GRAS genes based on the castor bean genome. Combined with phylogenetic analysis, the castor bean GRAS members were divided into 13 distinct groups. Functional divergence analysis revealed the presence of mostly Type-I functional divergence. The gene structures and conserved motifs, both within and outside the GRAS domain, were characterized. Gene expression analysis, performed in various tissues and under a range of abiotic stress conditions, uncovered the potential functions of GRAS members in regulating plant growth development and stress responses. The results obtained from this study provide valuable information toward understanding the potential molecular mechanisms of GRAS proteins in castor beans. These findings also serve as a resource for identifying the genes that allow castor beans to grow in stressful conditions and to enable further breeding and genetic improvements in agriculture. MDPI 2016-06-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4964380/ /pubmed/27347937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071004 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Xu, Wei
Chen, Zexi
Ahmed, Naeem
Han, Bing
Cui, Qinghua
Liu, Aizhong
Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title_full Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title_fullStr Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title_full_unstemmed Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title_short Genome-Wide Identification, Evolutionary Analysis, and Stress Responses of the GRAS Gene Family in Castor Beans
title_sort genome-wide identification, evolutionary analysis, and stress responses of the gras gene family in castor beans
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4964380/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27347937
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071004
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