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Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated in different body fluids, including urine. The cargo of urinary EVs is composed of nucleic acids and proteins reflecting the physiological and possibly pathophysiological state of cells lining the nephron and the urinary tract. Urinary EVs have been co...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: De Palma, Giuseppe, Sallustio, Fabio, Schena, Francesco Paolo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4964419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071043
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author De Palma, Giuseppe
Sallustio, Fabio
Schena, Francesco Paolo
author_facet De Palma, Giuseppe
Sallustio, Fabio
Schena, Francesco Paolo
author_sort De Palma, Giuseppe
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated in different body fluids, including urine. The cargo of urinary EVs is composed of nucleic acids and proteins reflecting the physiological and possibly pathophysiological state of cells lining the nephron and the urinary tract. Urinary EVs have been confirmed to contain low amounts of various types of RNA that play a role in intercellular communication by transferring genetic information. This communication through EV RNAs includes both continuation of normal physiological processes and conditioning in disease mechanisms. Although proteins included in urinary EVs represent only 3% of the whole-urine proteome, urinary EVs can influence cells in the renal epithelia not only by delivering RNA cargo, but also by delivering a wide range of proteins. Since urine is a readily available biofluid, the discovery of EVs has opened a new field of biomarker research. The potential use of urinary EV RNAs and proteins as diagnostic biomarkers for various kidney and urologic diseases is currently being explored. Here, we review recent studies that deal in identifying biomarker candidates for human kidney and urologic diseases using urinary EVs and might help to understand the pathophysiology.
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spelling pubmed-49644192016-08-03 Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases De Palma, Giuseppe Sallustio, Fabio Schena, Francesco Paolo Int J Mol Sci Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been isolated in different body fluids, including urine. The cargo of urinary EVs is composed of nucleic acids and proteins reflecting the physiological and possibly pathophysiological state of cells lining the nephron and the urinary tract. Urinary EVs have been confirmed to contain low amounts of various types of RNA that play a role in intercellular communication by transferring genetic information. This communication through EV RNAs includes both continuation of normal physiological processes and conditioning in disease mechanisms. Although proteins included in urinary EVs represent only 3% of the whole-urine proteome, urinary EVs can influence cells in the renal epithelia not only by delivering RNA cargo, but also by delivering a wide range of proteins. Since urine is a readily available biofluid, the discovery of EVs has opened a new field of biomarker research. The potential use of urinary EV RNAs and proteins as diagnostic biomarkers for various kidney and urologic diseases is currently being explored. Here, we review recent studies that deal in identifying biomarker candidates for human kidney and urologic diseases using urinary EVs and might help to understand the pathophysiology. MDPI 2016-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4964419/ /pubmed/27376269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071043 Text en © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
De Palma, Giuseppe
Sallustio, Fabio
Schena, Francesco Paolo
Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title_full Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title_fullStr Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title_short Clinical Application of Human Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Kidney and Urologic Diseases
title_sort clinical application of human urinary extracellular vesicles in kidney and urologic diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4964419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27376269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071043
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