Bacteria-Templated NiO Nanoparticles/Microstructure for an Enzymeless Glucose Sensor

The bacterial-induced hollow cylinder NiO (HCNiO) nanomaterial was utilized for the enzymeless (without GOx) detection of glucose in basic conditions. The determination of glucose in 0.05 M NaOH solution with high sensitivity was performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometry (i–t). The fundamental electrochemical parameters were analyzed and the obtained values of diffusion coefficient (D), heterogeneous rate constant (k(s)), electroactive surface coverage (Г), and transfer coefficient (alpha-α) are 1.75 × 10(−6) cm(2)/s, 57.65 M(−1)·s(−1), 1.45 × 10(−10) mol/cm(2), and 0.52 respectively. The peak current of the i–t method shows two dynamic linear ranges of calibration curves 0.2 to 3.5 µM and 0.5 to 250 µM for the glucose electro-oxidation. The Ni(2+)/Ni(3+) couple with the HCNiO electrode and the electrocatalytic properties were found to be sensitive to the glucose oxidation. The green chemistry of NiO preparation from bacteria and the high catalytic ability of the oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) is the good choice for the development of a glucose sensor. The best obtained sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) for this sensor were 3978.9 µA mM(−1)·cm(−2) and 0.9 µM, respectively.