Rechargeable Metal–Air Proton‐Exchange Membrane Batteries for Renewable Energy Storage

Rechargeable proton‐exchange membrane batteries that employ organic chemical hydrides as hydrogen‐storage media have the potential to serve as next‐generation power sources; however, significant challenges remain regarding the improvement of the reversible hydrogen‐storage capacity. Here, we address this challenge through the use of metal‐ion redox couples as energy carriers for battery operation. Carbon, with a suitable degree of crystallinity and surface oxygenation, was used as an effective anode material for the metal redox reactions. A Sn(0.9)In(0.1)P(2)O(7)‐based electrolyte membrane allowed no crossover of vanadium ions through the membrane. The V(4+)/V(3+), V(3+)/V(2+), and Sn(4+)/Sn(2+) redox reactions took place at a more positive potential than that for hydrogen reduction, so that undesired hydrogen production could be avoided. The resulting electrical capacity reached 306 and 258 mAh g(−1) for VOSO(4) and SnSO(4), respectively, and remained at 76 and 91 % of their respective initial values after 50 cycles.