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Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle

BACKGROUND: In the Western world bovine milk products are an important protein source in human diet. The major proteins in bovine milk are the four caseins (CN), α(S1)-, α(S2)-, β-, and k-CN and the two whey proteins, β-LG and α-LA. It has been shown that both the amount of specific CN and their iso...

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Autores principales: Buitenhuis, Bart, Poulsen, Nina A., Gebreyesus, Grum, Larsen, Lotte B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27485317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2
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author Buitenhuis, Bart
Poulsen, Nina A.
Gebreyesus, Grum
Larsen, Lotte B.
author_facet Buitenhuis, Bart
Poulsen, Nina A.
Gebreyesus, Grum
Larsen, Lotte B.
author_sort Buitenhuis, Bart
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the Western world bovine milk products are an important protein source in human diet. The major proteins in bovine milk are the four caseins (CN), α(S1)-, α(S2)-, β-, and k-CN and the two whey proteins, β-LG and α-LA. It has been shown that both the amount of specific CN and their isoforms including post-translational modifications (PTM) influence technological properties of milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to 1) estimate genetic parameters for individual proteins in Danish Holstein (DH) (n = 371) and Danish Jersey (DJ) (n = 321) milk, and 2) detect genomic regions associated with specific milk protein and their different PTM forms using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. RESULTS: For DH, high heritability estimates were found for protein percentage (0.47), casein percentage (0.43), k-CN (0.77), β-LG (0.58), and α-LA (0.40). For DJ, high heritability estimates were found for protein percentage (0.70), casein percentage (0.52), and α-LA (0.44). The heritability for G-k-CN, U-k-CN and GD was higher in the DH compared to the DJ, whereas the heritability for the PD of α(S1)-CN was lower in DH compared to DJ, whereas the PD for α(S2)-CN was higher in DH compared to DJ. The GWAS results for the main milk proteins were in line what has been earlier published. However, we showed that there were SNPs specifically regulating G-k-CN in DH. Some of these SNPs were assigned to casein protein kinase genes (CSNK1G3, PRKCQ). CONCLUSION: The genetic analysis of the major milk proteins and their PTM forms revealed that these were heritable in both DH and DJ. In DH, genomic regions specific for glycosylation of k-CN were detected. Furthermore, genomic regions for the major milk proteins confirmed the regions on BTA6 (casein cluster), BTA11 (PEAP), and BTA14 (DGAT1) as important regions influencing protein composition in milk. The results from this study provide confidence that it is possible to breed for specific milk protein including the different PTM forms. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-49696622016-08-03 Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle Buitenhuis, Bart Poulsen, Nina A. Gebreyesus, Grum Larsen, Lotte B. BMC Genet Research Article BACKGROUND: In the Western world bovine milk products are an important protein source in human diet. The major proteins in bovine milk are the four caseins (CN), α(S1)-, α(S2)-, β-, and k-CN and the two whey proteins, β-LG and α-LA. It has been shown that both the amount of specific CN and their isoforms including post-translational modifications (PTM) influence technological properties of milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to 1) estimate genetic parameters for individual proteins in Danish Holstein (DH) (n = 371) and Danish Jersey (DJ) (n = 321) milk, and 2) detect genomic regions associated with specific milk protein and their different PTM forms using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. RESULTS: For DH, high heritability estimates were found for protein percentage (0.47), casein percentage (0.43), k-CN (0.77), β-LG (0.58), and α-LA (0.40). For DJ, high heritability estimates were found for protein percentage (0.70), casein percentage (0.52), and α-LA (0.44). The heritability for G-k-CN, U-k-CN and GD was higher in the DH compared to the DJ, whereas the heritability for the PD of α(S1)-CN was lower in DH compared to DJ, whereas the PD for α(S2)-CN was higher in DH compared to DJ. The GWAS results for the main milk proteins were in line what has been earlier published. However, we showed that there were SNPs specifically regulating G-k-CN in DH. Some of these SNPs were assigned to casein protein kinase genes (CSNK1G3, PRKCQ). CONCLUSION: The genetic analysis of the major milk proteins and their PTM forms revealed that these were heritable in both DH and DJ. In DH, genomic regions specific for glycosylation of k-CN were detected. Furthermore, genomic regions for the major milk proteins confirmed the regions on BTA6 (casein cluster), BTA11 (PEAP), and BTA14 (DGAT1) as important regions influencing protein composition in milk. The results from this study provide confidence that it is possible to breed for specific milk protein including the different PTM forms. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4969662/ /pubmed/27485317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Buitenhuis, Bart
Poulsen, Nina A.
Gebreyesus, Grum
Larsen, Lotte B.
Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title_full Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title_fullStr Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title_full_unstemmed Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title_short Estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in Danish Holstein and Danish Jersey cattle
title_sort estimation of genetic parameters and detection of chromosomal regions affecting the major milk proteins and their post translational modifications in danish holstein and danish jersey cattle
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4969662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27485317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12863-016-0421-2
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