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Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds

Background. Industrial processing of the pecan nut Carya illinoinensis K. Koch generated a large amount of shells, which have been used to prepare nutritional supplements and medicinal products; however, the safe use of shells requires assessment. This study evaluated the toxic, genotoxic, and mutag...

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Autores principales: Porto, Luiz Carlos S., da Silva, Juliana, Sousa, Karen, Ambrozio, Mariana L., de Almeida, Aline, dos Santos, Carla Eliete I., Dias, Johnny F., Allgayer, Mariangela C., dos Santos, Marcela S., Pereira, Patrícia, Ferraz, Alexandre B. F., Picada, Jaqueline N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525021
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4647830
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author Porto, Luiz Carlos S.
da Silva, Juliana
Sousa, Karen
Ambrozio, Mariana L.
de Almeida, Aline
dos Santos, Carla Eliete I.
Dias, Johnny F.
Allgayer, Mariangela C.
dos Santos, Marcela S.
Pereira, Patrícia
Ferraz, Alexandre B. F.
Picada, Jaqueline N.
author_facet Porto, Luiz Carlos S.
da Silva, Juliana
Sousa, Karen
Ambrozio, Mariana L.
de Almeida, Aline
dos Santos, Carla Eliete I.
Dias, Johnny F.
Allgayer, Mariangela C.
dos Santos, Marcela S.
Pereira, Patrícia
Ferraz, Alexandre B. F.
Picada, Jaqueline N.
author_sort Porto, Luiz Carlos S.
collection PubMed
description Background. Industrial processing of the pecan nut Carya illinoinensis K. Koch generated a large amount of shells, which have been used to prepare nutritional supplements and medicinal products; however, the safe use of shells requires assessment. This study evaluated the toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of pecan shell aqueous extract (PSAE) and the possible contribution of phenolic compounds, ellagic and gallic acids, and inorganic elements present in PSAE to induce toxicity. Results. Levels of inorganic elements like K, P, Cl, and Rb quantified using the Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission method were higher in PSAE than in pecan shells, while Mg and Mn levels were higher in shells. Mice showed neurobehavioral toxicity when given high PSAE doses (200–2,000 mg kg(−1)). The LD(50) was 1,166.3 mg kg(−1). However, PSAE (50–200 mg·kg(−1)) and the phenolic compounds (10–100 mg·kg(−1)) did not induce DNA damage or mutagenicity evaluated using the comet assay and micronucleus test. Treatment with ellagic acid (10–100 mg·kg(−1)) decreased triglyceride and glucose levels, while treatments with PSAE and gallic acid had no effect. Conclusion. Pecan shell toxicity might be associated with high concentrations of inorganic elements such as Mn, Al, Cu, and Fe acting on the central nervous system, besides phytochemical components, suggesting that the definition of the safe dose should take into account the consumption of micronutrients.
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spelling pubmed-49713112016-08-14 Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds Porto, Luiz Carlos S. da Silva, Juliana Sousa, Karen Ambrozio, Mariana L. de Almeida, Aline dos Santos, Carla Eliete I. Dias, Johnny F. Allgayer, Mariangela C. dos Santos, Marcela S. Pereira, Patrícia Ferraz, Alexandre B. F. Picada, Jaqueline N. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med Research Article Background. Industrial processing of the pecan nut Carya illinoinensis K. Koch generated a large amount of shells, which have been used to prepare nutritional supplements and medicinal products; however, the safe use of shells requires assessment. This study evaluated the toxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of pecan shell aqueous extract (PSAE) and the possible contribution of phenolic compounds, ellagic and gallic acids, and inorganic elements present in PSAE to induce toxicity. Results. Levels of inorganic elements like K, P, Cl, and Rb quantified using the Particle-Induced X-Ray Emission method were higher in PSAE than in pecan shells, while Mg and Mn levels were higher in shells. Mice showed neurobehavioral toxicity when given high PSAE doses (200–2,000 mg kg(−1)). The LD(50) was 1,166.3 mg kg(−1). However, PSAE (50–200 mg·kg(−1)) and the phenolic compounds (10–100 mg·kg(−1)) did not induce DNA damage or mutagenicity evaluated using the comet assay and micronucleus test. Treatment with ellagic acid (10–100 mg·kg(−1)) decreased triglyceride and glucose levels, while treatments with PSAE and gallic acid had no effect. Conclusion. Pecan shell toxicity might be associated with high concentrations of inorganic elements such as Mn, Al, Cu, and Fe acting on the central nervous system, besides phytochemical components, suggesting that the definition of the safe dose should take into account the consumption of micronutrients. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-07-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4971311/ /pubmed/27525021 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4647830 Text en Copyright © 2016 Luiz Carlos S. Porto et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Porto, Luiz Carlos S.
da Silva, Juliana
Sousa, Karen
Ambrozio, Mariana L.
de Almeida, Aline
dos Santos, Carla Eliete I.
Dias, Johnny F.
Allgayer, Mariangela C.
dos Santos, Marcela S.
Pereira, Patrícia
Ferraz, Alexandre B. F.
Picada, Jaqueline N.
Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title_full Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title_fullStr Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title_short Evaluation of Toxicological Effects of an Aqueous Extract of Shells from the Pecan Nut Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch and the Possible Association with Its Inorganic Constituents and Major Phenolic Compounds
title_sort evaluation of toxicological effects of an aqueous extract of shells from the pecan nut carya illinoinensis (wangenh.) k. koch and the possible association with its inorganic constituents and major phenolic compounds
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4971311/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525021
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4647830
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