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An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection

Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bac...

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Autores principales: Hussack, Greg, Tanha, Jamshid
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Dove Medical Press 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27536153
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S84017
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author Hussack, Greg
Tanha, Jamshid
author_facet Hussack, Greg
Tanha, Jamshid
author_sort Hussack, Greg
collection PubMed
description Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria include fecal transplantation therapy, vaccines, and antibody-based immunotherapies. In this review, we catalog the recent advances in antibody-based approaches under development and in the clinic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. By and large, inhibitory antibodies that recognize the primary C. difficile virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B, are the most popular passive immunotherapies under investigation. We provide a detailed summary of the toxin epitopes recognized by various antitoxin antibodies and discuss general trends on toxin inhibition efficacy. In addition, antibodies to other C. difficile targets, such as surface-layer proteins, binary toxin, motility factors, and adherence and colonization factors, are introduced in this review.
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spelling pubmed-49751492016-08-17 An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection Hussack, Greg Tanha, Jamshid Clin Exp Gastroenterol Review Clostridium difficile continues to be one of the most prevalent hospital-acquired bacterial infections in the developed world, despite the recent introduction of a novel and effective antibiotic agent (fidaxomicin). Alternative approaches under investigation to combat the anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria include fecal transplantation therapy, vaccines, and antibody-based immunotherapies. In this review, we catalog the recent advances in antibody-based approaches under development and in the clinic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. By and large, inhibitory antibodies that recognize the primary C. difficile virulence factors, toxin A and toxin B, are the most popular passive immunotherapies under investigation. We provide a detailed summary of the toxin epitopes recognized by various antitoxin antibodies and discuss general trends on toxin inhibition efficacy. In addition, antibodies to other C. difficile targets, such as surface-layer proteins, binary toxin, motility factors, and adherence and colonization factors, are introduced in this review. Dove Medical Press 2016-08-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4975149/ /pubmed/27536153 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S84017 Text en © 2016 Hussack and Tanha. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.
spellingShingle Review
Hussack, Greg
Tanha, Jamshid
An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title_full An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title_fullStr An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title_full_unstemmed An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title_short An update on antibody-based immunotherapies for Clostridium difficile infection
title_sort update on antibody-based immunotherapies for clostridium difficile infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27536153
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S84017
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