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Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm

Obesity has traditionally been thought of as a state of caloric imbalance, where the intake of calories exceeds the expenditure or ‘burning’ of calories. However, a more nuanced appreciation for the complex biochemistry and physiology of cellular energy generation suggests that obesity is a state of...

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Autores principales: DiNicolantonio, James J, Berger, Amy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27547437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2016-000469
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author DiNicolantonio, James J
Berger, Amy
author_facet DiNicolantonio, James J
Berger, Amy
author_sort DiNicolantonio, James J
collection PubMed
description Obesity has traditionally been thought of as a state of caloric imbalance, where the intake of calories exceeds the expenditure or ‘burning’ of calories. However, a more nuanced appreciation for the complex biochemistry and physiology of cellular energy generation suggests that obesity is a state of hormonal imbalance causing increased shunting of food energy into adipose tissue for storage, resulting in decreased satiety and ultimately leading to increased caloric intake. Adding to this hypothesis, we propose that obesity is also a state of nutrient and energy deficit, leading to decreased fatty acid mobilisation and oxidation, the result of which may be a natural disinclination towards physical activity. Added sugars (sucrose, a.k.a. table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup) may provide energy (4 kcal/g) but at current intakes they do not facilitate—and may even hinder—the production of energy. Not only do added sugars displace nutritionally superior foods in the diet, but they may also deplete nutrients from other foods that have been consumed, as well as from body stores, in order to enable their proper oxidation and liberate their calories as energy. Additionally, the consumption of added sugars damages the mitochondria and hence impairs energy generation. Moreover, overconsuming added sugars may result in a kind of ‘internal starvation’ (via leptin and insulin resistance) leading to further hunger signals in the body. Added sugars promote nutrient and energy deficit and through this novel pathway promote obesity.
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spelling pubmed-49758662016-08-19 Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm DiNicolantonio, James J Berger, Amy Open Heart Review Obesity has traditionally been thought of as a state of caloric imbalance, where the intake of calories exceeds the expenditure or ‘burning’ of calories. However, a more nuanced appreciation for the complex biochemistry and physiology of cellular energy generation suggests that obesity is a state of hormonal imbalance causing increased shunting of food energy into adipose tissue for storage, resulting in decreased satiety and ultimately leading to increased caloric intake. Adding to this hypothesis, we propose that obesity is also a state of nutrient and energy deficit, leading to decreased fatty acid mobilisation and oxidation, the result of which may be a natural disinclination towards physical activity. Added sugars (sucrose, a.k.a. table sugar and high-fructose corn syrup) may provide energy (4 kcal/g) but at current intakes they do not facilitate—and may even hinder—the production of energy. Not only do added sugars displace nutritionally superior foods in the diet, but they may also deplete nutrients from other foods that have been consumed, as well as from body stores, in order to enable their proper oxidation and liberate their calories as energy. Additionally, the consumption of added sugars damages the mitochondria and hence impairs energy generation. Moreover, overconsuming added sugars may result in a kind of ‘internal starvation’ (via leptin and insulin resistance) leading to further hunger signals in the body. Added sugars promote nutrient and energy deficit and through this novel pathway promote obesity. BMJ Publishing Group 2016-08-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4975866/ /pubmed/27547437 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2016-000469 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Review
DiNicolantonio, James J
Berger, Amy
Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title_full Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title_fullStr Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title_full_unstemmed Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title_short Added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
title_sort added sugars drive nutrient and energy deficit in obesity: a new paradigm
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975866/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27547437
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2016-000469
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