Cargando…

Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease

Ammonia is known to be a potent neurotoxin that causes severe negative effects on the central nervous system. Excessive ammonia levels have been detected in the brain of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Therefore, ammonia could be a factor contributing to the prog...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Adlimoghaddam, Aida, Sabbir, Mohammad G., Albensi, Benedict C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551259
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057
_version_ 1782446807494688768
author Adlimoghaddam, Aida
Sabbir, Mohammad G.
Albensi, Benedict C.
author_facet Adlimoghaddam, Aida
Sabbir, Mohammad G.
Albensi, Benedict C.
author_sort Adlimoghaddam, Aida
collection PubMed
description Ammonia is known to be a potent neurotoxin that causes severe negative effects on the central nervous system. Excessive ammonia levels have been detected in the brain of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Therefore, ammonia could be a factor contributing to the progression of AD. In this review, we provide an introduction to the toxicity of ammonia and putative ammonia transport proteins. We also hypothesize how ammonia may be linked to AD. Additionally, we discuss the evidence that support the hypothesis that ammonia is a key factor contributing to AD progression. Lastly, we summarize the old and new experimental evidence that focuses on energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammatory responses, excitatory glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission, and memory in support of our ammonia-related hypotheses of AD.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4976099
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2016
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-49760992016-08-22 Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease Adlimoghaddam, Aida Sabbir, Mohammad G. Albensi, Benedict C. Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Ammonia is known to be a potent neurotoxin that causes severe negative effects on the central nervous system. Excessive ammonia levels have been detected in the brain of patients with neurological disorders such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Therefore, ammonia could be a factor contributing to the progression of AD. In this review, we provide an introduction to the toxicity of ammonia and putative ammonia transport proteins. We also hypothesize how ammonia may be linked to AD. Additionally, we discuss the evidence that support the hypothesis that ammonia is a key factor contributing to AD progression. Lastly, we summarize the old and new experimental evidence that focuses on energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, inflammatory responses, excitatory glutamatergic, and GABAergic neurotransmission, and memory in support of our ammonia-related hypotheses of AD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4976099/ /pubmed/27551259 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057 Text en Copyright © 2016 Adlimoghaddam, Sabbir and Albensi. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Adlimoghaddam, Aida
Sabbir, Mohammad G.
Albensi, Benedict C.
Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title_full Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title_fullStr Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title_full_unstemmed Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title_short Ammonia as a Potential Neurotoxic Factor in Alzheimer's Disease
title_sort ammonia as a potential neurotoxic factor in alzheimer's disease
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4976099/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551259
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00057
work_keys_str_mv AT adlimoghaddamaida ammoniaasapotentialneurotoxicfactorinalzheimersdisease
AT sabbirmohammadg ammoniaasapotentialneurotoxicfactorinalzheimersdisease
AT albensibenedictc ammoniaasapotentialneurotoxicfactorinalzheimersdisease