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Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006
Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions. In the present study, 42 V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in Delhi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4977278/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27555841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01250 |
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author | Ghosh, Raikamal Sharma, Naresh C. Halder, Kalpataru Bhadra, Rupak K. Chowdhury, Goutam Pazhani, Gururaja P. Shinoda, Sumio Mukhopadhyay, Asish K. Nair, G. Balakrish Ramamurthy, Thadavarayan |
author_facet | Ghosh, Raikamal Sharma, Naresh C. Halder, Kalpataru Bhadra, Rupak K. Chowdhury, Goutam Pazhani, Gururaja P. Shinoda, Sumio Mukhopadhyay, Asish K. Nair, G. Balakrish Ramamurthy, Thadavarayan |
author_sort | Ghosh, Raikamal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions. In the present study, 42 V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in Delhi, India, were retrospectively analyzed to understand their phenotype and molecular characteristics. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. Though the integrative conjugative element was detected in all the O139 isolates, the 2004–2006 isolates remained susceptible to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Cholera toxin genotype 1 was present in the majority of the O139 isolates while few had type 3 or a novel type 4. In the cholera toxin encoding gene (ctx) restriction fragment length polymorphism, the majority of the isolates harbored three copies of CTX element, of which one was truncated. In this study, the ctx was detected for the first time in the small chromosome of V. cholerae O139 and one isolate harbored 5 copies of CTX element, of which 3 were truncated. The ribotype BII pattern was found in most of the O139 isolates. Three V. cholerae O139 isolated in 2001 had a new ribotype BVIII. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed clonal variation in 2001 isolates compared to the 2004–2006 isolates. Molecular changes in V. cholerae O139 have to be closely monitored as this information may help in understanding the changing genetic features of this pathogen in relation to the epidemiology of cholera. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4977278 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49772782016-08-23 Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 Ghosh, Raikamal Sharma, Naresh C. Halder, Kalpataru Bhadra, Rupak K. Chowdhury, Goutam Pazhani, Gururaja P. Shinoda, Sumio Mukhopadhyay, Asish K. Nair, G. Balakrish Ramamurthy, Thadavarayan Front Microbiol Microbiology Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions. In the present study, 42 V. cholerae O139 strains isolated from 2001 to 2006 in Delhi, India, were retrospectively analyzed to understand their phenotype and molecular characteristics. The majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. Though the integrative conjugative element was detected in all the O139 isolates, the 2004–2006 isolates remained susceptible to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin. Cholera toxin genotype 1 was present in the majority of the O139 isolates while few had type 3 or a novel type 4. In the cholera toxin encoding gene (ctx) restriction fragment length polymorphism, the majority of the isolates harbored three copies of CTX element, of which one was truncated. In this study, the ctx was detected for the first time in the small chromosome of V. cholerae O139 and one isolate harbored 5 copies of CTX element, of which 3 were truncated. The ribotype BII pattern was found in most of the O139 isolates. Three V. cholerae O139 isolated in 2001 had a new ribotype BVIII. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed clonal variation in 2001 isolates compared to the 2004–2006 isolates. Molecular changes in V. cholerae O139 have to be closely monitored as this information may help in understanding the changing genetic features of this pathogen in relation to the epidemiology of cholera. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4977278/ /pubmed/27555841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01250 Text en Copyright © 2016 Ghosh, Sharma, Halder, Bhadra, Chowdhury, Pazhani, Shinoda, Mukhopadhyay, Nair and Ramamurthy. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Ghosh, Raikamal Sharma, Naresh C. Halder, Kalpataru Bhadra, Rupak K. Chowdhury, Goutam Pazhani, Gururaja P. Shinoda, Sumio Mukhopadhyay, Asish K. Nair, G. Balakrish Ramamurthy, Thadavarayan Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title | Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title_full | Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title_fullStr | Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title_short | Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001–2006 |
title_sort | phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in vibrio cholerae o139 isolated from cholera cases in delhi, india during 2001–2006 |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4977278/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27555841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01250 |
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