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Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro
The epicardium plays an important role in coronary vessel formation and Tgfbr3(-/-) mice exhibit failed coronary vessel development associated with decreased epicardial cell invasion. Immortalized Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells display the same defects. Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells incubated for...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4978490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27505173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159710 |
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author | DeLaughter, Daniel M. Clark, Cynthia R. Christodoulou, Danos C. Seidman, Christine E. Baldwin, H. Scott Seidman, J. G. Barnett, Joey V. |
author_facet | DeLaughter, Daniel M. Clark, Cynthia R. Christodoulou, Danos C. Seidman, Christine E. Baldwin, H. Scott Seidman, J. G. Barnett, Joey V. |
author_sort | DeLaughter, Daniel M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The epicardium plays an important role in coronary vessel formation and Tgfbr3(-/-) mice exhibit failed coronary vessel development associated with decreased epicardial cell invasion. Immortalized Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells display the same defects. Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells incubated for 72 hours with VEH or ligands known to promote invasion via TGFβR3 (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, BMP2), for 72 hours were harvested for RNA-seq analysis. We selected for genes >2-fold differentially expressed between Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells when incubated with VEH (604), TGFβ1 (515), TGFβ2 (553), or BMP2 (632). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of these genes identified dysregulated biological processes consistent with the defects observed in Tgfbr3(-/-) cells, including those associated with extracellular matrix interaction. GO and Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) analysis identified distinct expression profiles between TGFβ1-TGFβ2 and VEH-BMP2 incubated cells, consistent with the differential response of epicardial cells to these ligands in vitro. Despite the differences observed between Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells after TGFβ and BMP ligand addition, GRNs constructed from these gene lists identified NF-ĸB as a key nodal point for all ligands examined. Tgfbr3(-/-) cells exhibited decreased expression of genes known to be activated by NF-ĸB signaling. NF-ĸB activity was stimulated in Tgfbr3(+/+) epicardial cells after TGFβ2 or BMP2 incubation, while Tgfbr3(-/-) cells failed to activate NF-ĸB in response to these ligands. Tgfbr3(+/+) epicardial cells incubated with an inhibitor of NF-ĸB signaling no longer invaded into a collagen gel in response to TGFβ2 or BMP2. These data suggest that NF-ĸB signaling is dysregulated in Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells and that NF-ĸB signaling is required for epicardial cell invasion in vitro. Our approach successfully identified a signaling pathway important in epicardial cell behavior downstream of TGFβR3. Overall, the genes and signaling pathways identified through our analysis yield the first comprehensive list of candidate genes whose expression is dependent on TGFβR3 signaling. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4978490 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49784902016-08-25 Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro DeLaughter, Daniel M. Clark, Cynthia R. Christodoulou, Danos C. Seidman, Christine E. Baldwin, H. Scott Seidman, J. G. Barnett, Joey V. PLoS One Research Article The epicardium plays an important role in coronary vessel formation and Tgfbr3(-/-) mice exhibit failed coronary vessel development associated with decreased epicardial cell invasion. Immortalized Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells display the same defects. Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells incubated for 72 hours with VEH or ligands known to promote invasion via TGFβR3 (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, BMP2), for 72 hours were harvested for RNA-seq analysis. We selected for genes >2-fold differentially expressed between Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells when incubated with VEH (604), TGFβ1 (515), TGFβ2 (553), or BMP2 (632). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of these genes identified dysregulated biological processes consistent with the defects observed in Tgfbr3(-/-) cells, including those associated with extracellular matrix interaction. GO and Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) analysis identified distinct expression profiles between TGFβ1-TGFβ2 and VEH-BMP2 incubated cells, consistent with the differential response of epicardial cells to these ligands in vitro. Despite the differences observed between Tgfbr3(+/+) and Tgfbr3(-/-) cells after TGFβ and BMP ligand addition, GRNs constructed from these gene lists identified NF-ĸB as a key nodal point for all ligands examined. Tgfbr3(-/-) cells exhibited decreased expression of genes known to be activated by NF-ĸB signaling. NF-ĸB activity was stimulated in Tgfbr3(+/+) epicardial cells after TGFβ2 or BMP2 incubation, while Tgfbr3(-/-) cells failed to activate NF-ĸB in response to these ligands. Tgfbr3(+/+) epicardial cells incubated with an inhibitor of NF-ĸB signaling no longer invaded into a collagen gel in response to TGFβ2 or BMP2. These data suggest that NF-ĸB signaling is dysregulated in Tgfbr3(-/-) epicardial cells and that NF-ĸB signaling is required for epicardial cell invasion in vitro. Our approach successfully identified a signaling pathway important in epicardial cell behavior downstream of TGFβR3. Overall, the genes and signaling pathways identified through our analysis yield the first comprehensive list of candidate genes whose expression is dependent on TGFβR3 signaling. Public Library of Science 2016-08-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4978490/ /pubmed/27505173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159710 Text en © 2016 DeLaughter et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article DeLaughter, Daniel M. Clark, Cynthia R. Christodoulou, Danos C. Seidman, Christine E. Baldwin, H. Scott Seidman, J. G. Barnett, Joey V. Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title | Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title_full | Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title_fullStr | Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title_full_unstemmed | Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title_short | Transcriptional Profiling of Cultured, Embryonic Epicardial Cells Identifies Novel Genes and Signaling Pathways Regulated by TGFβR3 In Vitro |
title_sort | transcriptional profiling of cultured, embryonic epicardial cells identifies novel genes and signaling pathways regulated by tgfβr3 in vitro |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4978490/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27505173 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159710 |
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