Potential for Phytoremediation of PCDD/PCDF-Contaminated Sludge and Sediments Using Cucurbitaceae Plants: A Pilot Study

The current study evaluates the impact of sewage sludge and urban reservoir sediment on changes in total and Toxic Equivalency (TEQ) PCDD/PCDF concentration in soil and phytotoxicity measured using three test species: Lepidium sativum,Sinapis alba, and Sorghum saccharatum, during 5 weeks of Cucurbita pepo L. cv ‘Atena Polka’ (zucchini) cultivation. ‘Atena Polka’ was found to reduce total PCDD/PCDF concentration by 37 % in soil amended with sludge and 32 % in soil treated with sediment from an urban reservoir. The TEQ reduction was almost twofold greater: 68 % in soil amended with sludge and 52 % with urban sediment. Addition of sludge increased root growth inhibition of L. sativum,S. alba and S. saccharatum, from 44 % to 90 %. Observed inhibitions were, however, reduced by ‘Atena Polka’ cultivation, and as high as 32 % promotion in root length was noted. Amendment with urban sediment, in turn, resulted in an initial 1 %–36 % promotion of root growth, while ‘Atena Polka’ cultivation reduced this positive effect by inhibition as high as 26 %. Results demonstrated positive influence of ‘Atena Polka’ on the phytotoxicity alleviation and mitigation of total and TEQ PCDD/PCDF concentrations in soil treated with bio-solids from sewage sludge and an urban reservoir. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00128-016-1868-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.