Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

This work describes the formation of reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles (rGO-Cu(2)ONPs, rGO-CuNPs) on the surface of a copper foil supporting graphene oxide (GO) at annealing temperatures of 200–1000 °C, under an Ar atmosphere. These hybrid nanostructures were developed from bare copper oxide nanoparticles which grew at an annealing temperature of 80 °C under nitrogen flux. The predominant phase as well as the particle size and shape strongly depend on the process temperature. Characterization with transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicates that Cu or Cu(2)O nanoparticles take rGO sheets from the rGO network to form core–shell Cu–rGO or Cu(2)O–rGO nanostructures. It is noted that such ones increase in size from 5 to 800 nm as the annealing temperature increases in the 200–1000 °C range. At 1000 °C, Cu nanoparticles develop a highly faceted morphology, displaying arm-like carbon nanorods that originate from different facets of the copper crystal structure.