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Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency
Freshwater food webs can be partly supported by terrestrial primary production, often deriving from plant litter of surrounding catchment vegetation. Although consisting mainly of poorly bioavailable lignin, with low protein and lipid content, the carbohydrates from fallen tree leaves and shoreline...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4980614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep30897 |
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author | Taipale, Sami J. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Aalto, Sanni L. Kahilainen, Kimmo K. Strandberg, Ursula Kankaala, Paula |
author_facet | Taipale, Sami J. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Aalto, Sanni L. Kahilainen, Kimmo K. Strandberg, Ursula Kankaala, Paula |
author_sort | Taipale, Sami J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Freshwater food webs can be partly supported by terrestrial primary production, often deriving from plant litter of surrounding catchment vegetation. Although consisting mainly of poorly bioavailable lignin, with low protein and lipid content, the carbohydrates from fallen tree leaves and shoreline vegetation may be utilized by aquatic consumers. Here we show that during phytoplankton deficiency, zooplankton (Daphnia magna) can benefit from terrestrial particulate organic matter by using terrestrial-origin carbohydrates for energy and sparing essential fatty acids and amino acids for somatic growth and reproduction. Assimilated terrestrial-origin fatty acids from shoreline reed particles exceeded available diet, indicating that Daphnia may convert a part of their dietary carbohydrates to saturated fatty acids. This conversion was not observed with birch leaf diets, which had lower carbohydrate content. Subsequent analysis of 21 boreal and subarctic lakes showed that diet of herbivorous zooplankton is mainly based on high-quality phytoplankton rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of low-quality diets (bacteria and terrestrial particulate organic matter) was <28% of the assimilated carbon. Taken collectively, the incorporation of terrestrial carbon into zooplankton was not directly related to the concentration of terrestrial organic matter in experiments or lakes, but rather to the low availability of phytoplankton. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4980614 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49806142016-08-19 Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency Taipale, Sami J. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Aalto, Sanni L. Kahilainen, Kimmo K. Strandberg, Ursula Kankaala, Paula Sci Rep Article Freshwater food webs can be partly supported by terrestrial primary production, often deriving from plant litter of surrounding catchment vegetation. Although consisting mainly of poorly bioavailable lignin, with low protein and lipid content, the carbohydrates from fallen tree leaves and shoreline vegetation may be utilized by aquatic consumers. Here we show that during phytoplankton deficiency, zooplankton (Daphnia magna) can benefit from terrestrial particulate organic matter by using terrestrial-origin carbohydrates for energy and sparing essential fatty acids and amino acids for somatic growth and reproduction. Assimilated terrestrial-origin fatty acids from shoreline reed particles exceeded available diet, indicating that Daphnia may convert a part of their dietary carbohydrates to saturated fatty acids. This conversion was not observed with birch leaf diets, which had lower carbohydrate content. Subsequent analysis of 21 boreal and subarctic lakes showed that diet of herbivorous zooplankton is mainly based on high-quality phytoplankton rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of low-quality diets (bacteria and terrestrial particulate organic matter) was <28% of the assimilated carbon. Taken collectively, the incorporation of terrestrial carbon into zooplankton was not directly related to the concentration of terrestrial organic matter in experiments or lakes, but rather to the low availability of phytoplankton. Nature Publishing Group 2016-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4980614/ /pubmed/27510848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep30897 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Taipale, Sami J. Galloway, Aaron W. E. Aalto, Sanni L. Kahilainen, Kimmo K. Strandberg, Ursula Kankaala, Paula Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title | Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title_full | Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title_fullStr | Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title_full_unstemmed | Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title_short | Terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
title_sort | terrestrial carbohydrates support freshwater zooplankton during phytoplankton deficiency |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4980614/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27510848 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep30897 |
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