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New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation
Recent data suggest that NETosis plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and disturbs the homeostasis of the immune system. NETosis is a form of neutrophil-specific cell death characterized by the release of large web-like structures referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). N...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27570525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302 |
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author | Yang, Hang Biermann, Mona Helena Brauner, Jan Markus Liu, Yi Zhao, Yi Herrmann, Martin |
author_facet | Yang, Hang Biermann, Mona Helena Brauner, Jan Markus Liu, Yi Zhao, Yi Herrmann, Martin |
author_sort | Yang, Hang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recent data suggest that NETosis plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and disturbs the homeostasis of the immune system. NETosis is a form of neutrophil-specific cell death characterized by the release of large web-like structures referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of DNA strands associated with histones and decorated with about 20 different proteins, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, high mobility group protein B1, and LL37. Reportedly, NETosis can be induced by several microbes, and particulate matter including sterile stimuli, via distinct cellular mechanisms. Meanwhile, suicidal NETosis and vital NETosis are controversial. As we enter the second decade of research on NETosis, we have partly understood NETs as double-edged swords of innate immunity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of NETosis, its antimicrobial action, and role in autoimmune diseases, as well as the relatively new field of NET-associated mitochondrial DNA. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4981595 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49815952016-08-26 New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation Yang, Hang Biermann, Mona Helena Brauner, Jan Markus Liu, Yi Zhao, Yi Herrmann, Martin Front Immunol Immunology Recent data suggest that NETosis plays a crucial role in the innate immune response and disturbs the homeostasis of the immune system. NETosis is a form of neutrophil-specific cell death characterized by the release of large web-like structures referred to as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are composed of DNA strands associated with histones and decorated with about 20 different proteins, including neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, high mobility group protein B1, and LL37. Reportedly, NETosis can be induced by several microbes, and particulate matter including sterile stimuli, via distinct cellular mechanisms. Meanwhile, suicidal NETosis and vital NETosis are controversial. As we enter the second decade of research on NETosis, we have partly understood NETs as double-edged swords of innate immunity. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms of NETosis, its antimicrobial action, and role in autoimmune diseases, as well as the relatively new field of NET-associated mitochondrial DNA. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4981595/ /pubmed/27570525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302 Text en Copyright © 2016 Yang, Biermann, Brauner, Liu, Zhao and Herrmann. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Yang, Hang Biermann, Mona Helena Brauner, Jan Markus Liu, Yi Zhao, Yi Herrmann, Martin New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title | New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title_full | New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title_fullStr | New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title_full_unstemmed | New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title_short | New Insights into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Mechanisms of Formation and Role in Inflammation |
title_sort | new insights into neutrophil extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation and role in inflammation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4981595/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27570525 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00302 |
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