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Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface
PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of overexposure to light emitting diode (LED)-derived light with various wavelengths on mouse ocular surface. METHODS: LEDs with various wavelengths were used to irradiate C57BL/6 mice at an energy dose of 50 J/cm(2), twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. The re...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982597/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27517861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161041 |
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author | Lee, Hyo Seok Cui, Lian Li, Ying Choi, Ji Suk Choi, Joo-Hee Li, Zhengri Kim, Ga Eon Choi, Won Yoon, Kyung Chul |
author_facet | Lee, Hyo Seok Cui, Lian Li, Ying Choi, Ji Suk Choi, Joo-Hee Li, Zhengri Kim, Ga Eon Choi, Won Yoon, Kyung Chul |
author_sort | Lee, Hyo Seok |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of overexposure to light emitting diode (LED)-derived light with various wavelengths on mouse ocular surface. METHODS: LEDs with various wavelengths were used to irradiate C57BL/6 mice at an energy dose of 50 J/cm(2), twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. The red, green, and blue groups represented wavelengths of 630 nm, 525 nm, and 410 nm, respectively. The untouched group (UT) was not exposed to LED light and served as the untreated control. Tear volume, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in the cornea and conjunctiva using a multiplex immunobead assay at day 10. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry, 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry with 4-hydroxynonenal, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were also performed. RESULTS: TBUT of the blue group showed significant decreases at days 7 and 10, compared with the UT and red groups. Corneal fluorescein staining scores significantly increased in the blue group when compared with UT, red, and green groups at days 5, 7, and 10. A significant increase in the corneal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 was observed in the blue group, compared with the other groups. The blue group showed significantly increased reactive oxygen species production in the DCF-DA assay and increased inflammatory T cells in the flow cytometry. A significantly increased TUNEL positive cells was identified in the blue group. CONCLUSIONS: Overexposure to blue light with short wavelengths can induce oxidative damage and apoptosis to the cornea, which may manifest as increased ocular surface inflammation and resultant dry eye. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4982597 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49825972016-08-29 Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface Lee, Hyo Seok Cui, Lian Li, Ying Choi, Ji Suk Choi, Joo-Hee Li, Zhengri Kim, Ga Eon Choi, Won Yoon, Kyung Chul PLoS One Research Article PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of overexposure to light emitting diode (LED)-derived light with various wavelengths on mouse ocular surface. METHODS: LEDs with various wavelengths were used to irradiate C57BL/6 mice at an energy dose of 50 J/cm(2), twice a day, for 10 consecutive days. The red, green, and blue groups represented wavelengths of 630 nm, 525 nm, and 410 nm, respectively. The untouched group (UT) was not exposed to LED light and served as the untreated control. Tear volume, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10. Levels of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in the cornea and conjunctiva using a multiplex immunobead assay at day 10. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Flow cytometry, 2’7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay, histologic analysis, immunohistochemistry with 4-hydroxynonenal, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were also performed. RESULTS: TBUT of the blue group showed significant decreases at days 7 and 10, compared with the UT and red groups. Corneal fluorescein staining scores significantly increased in the blue group when compared with UT, red, and green groups at days 5, 7, and 10. A significant increase in the corneal levels of IL-1β and IL-6 was observed in the blue group, compared with the other groups. The blue group showed significantly increased reactive oxygen species production in the DCF-DA assay and increased inflammatory T cells in the flow cytometry. A significantly increased TUNEL positive cells was identified in the blue group. CONCLUSIONS: Overexposure to blue light with short wavelengths can induce oxidative damage and apoptosis to the cornea, which may manifest as increased ocular surface inflammation and resultant dry eye. Public Library of Science 2016-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4982597/ /pubmed/27517861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161041 Text en © 2016 Lee et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lee, Hyo Seok Cui, Lian Li, Ying Choi, Ji Suk Choi, Joo-Hee Li, Zhengri Kim, Ga Eon Choi, Won Yoon, Kyung Chul Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title | Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title_full | Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title_fullStr | Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title_short | Influence of Light Emitting Diode-Derived Blue Light Overexposure on Mouse Ocular Surface |
title_sort | influence of light emitting diode-derived blue light overexposure on mouse ocular surface |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4982597/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27517861 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161041 |
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