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Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs

Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an e...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Pachauri, Vivek, Ingebrandt, Sven
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Limited 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27365038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20150009
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author Pachauri, Vivek
Ingebrandt, Sven
author_facet Pachauri, Vivek
Ingebrandt, Sven
author_sort Pachauri, Vivek
collection PubMed
description Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an electrolyte solution. In ISFETs, a semiconductor material is used as the active transducer element covered by a gate dielectric layer which is electronically sensitive to the (bio-)chemical changes that occur on its surface. This review will provide a brief overview of the history of ISFET biosensors with general operation concepts and sensing mechanisms. We also discuss silicon nanowire-based ISFETs (SiNW FETs) as the modern nanoscale version of classical ISFETs, as well as strategies to functionalize them with biologically sensitive layers. We include in our discussion other ISFET types based on nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and so on. The latest examples of highly sensitive label-free detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using SiNW FETs and single-cell recordings for drug screening and other applications of ISFETs will be highlighted. Finally, we suggest new device platforms and newly developed, miniaturized read-out tools with multichannel potentiometric and impedimetric measurement capabilities for future biomedical applications.
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spelling pubmed-49864602016-08-29 Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs Pachauri, Vivek Ingebrandt, Sven Essays Biochem Article Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors (BioFETs) are one of the most abundant classes of electronic sensors for biomolecular detection. Most of the time these sensors are realized as classical ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) having non-metallized gate dielectrics facing an electrolyte solution. In ISFETs, a semiconductor material is used as the active transducer element covered by a gate dielectric layer which is electronically sensitive to the (bio-)chemical changes that occur on its surface. This review will provide a brief overview of the history of ISFET biosensors with general operation concepts and sensing mechanisms. We also discuss silicon nanowire-based ISFETs (SiNW FETs) as the modern nanoscale version of classical ISFETs, as well as strategies to functionalize them with biologically sensitive layers. We include in our discussion other ISFET types based on nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, metal oxides and so on. The latest examples of highly sensitive label-free detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules using SiNW FETs and single-cell recordings for drug screening and other applications of ISFETs will be highlighted. Finally, we suggest new device platforms and newly developed, miniaturized read-out tools with multichannel potentiometric and impedimetric measurement capabilities for future biomedical applications. Portland Press Limited 2016-06-30 2016-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4986460/ /pubmed/27365038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20150009 Text en © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society
spellingShingle Article
Pachauri, Vivek
Ingebrandt, Sven
Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title_full Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title_fullStr Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title_full_unstemmed Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title_short Biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from ISFETs to NanoFETs
title_sort biologically sensitive field-effect transistors: from isfets to nanofets
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4986460/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27365038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20150009
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