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HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes

We present experimental evidence under low-dose conditions transmission electron microscopy for the unfolding of the evolving changes in carbon soot during mechanical milling. The milled soot shows evolving changes as a function of the milling severity or time. Those changes are responsible for the...

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Autores principales: Calderon, H. A., Okonkwo, A., Estrada-Guel, I., Hadjiev, V. G., Alvarez-Ramírez, F., Robles Hernández, F. C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4993800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27617185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40679-016-0024-z
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author Calderon, H. A.
Okonkwo, A.
Estrada-Guel, I.
Hadjiev, V. G.
Alvarez-Ramírez, F.
Robles Hernández, F. C.
author_facet Calderon, H. A.
Okonkwo, A.
Estrada-Guel, I.
Hadjiev, V. G.
Alvarez-Ramírez, F.
Robles Hernández, F. C.
author_sort Calderon, H. A.
collection PubMed
description We present experimental evidence under low-dose conditions transmission electron microscopy for the unfolding of the evolving changes in carbon soot during mechanical milling. The milled soot shows evolving changes as a function of the milling severity or time. Those changes are responsible for the transformation from amorphous carbon to graphenes, graphitic carbon, and highly ordered structures such as morphed graphenes, namely Rh6 and Rh6-II. The morphed graphenes are corrugated layers of carbon with cross-linked covalently nature and sp(2)- or sp(3)-type allotropes. Electron microscopy and numerical simulations are excellent complementary tools to identify those phases. Furthermore, the TEAM 05 microscope is an outstanding tool to resolve the microstructure and prevent any damage to the sample. Other characterization techniques such as XRD, Raman, and XPS fade to convey a true identification of those phases because the samples are usually blends or mixes of the mentioned phases.
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spelling pubmed-49938002016-09-07 HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes Calderon, H. A. Okonkwo, A. Estrada-Guel, I. Hadjiev, V. G. Alvarez-Ramírez, F. Robles Hernández, F. C. Adv Struct Chem Imaging Research We present experimental evidence under low-dose conditions transmission electron microscopy for the unfolding of the evolving changes in carbon soot during mechanical milling. The milled soot shows evolving changes as a function of the milling severity or time. Those changes are responsible for the transformation from amorphous carbon to graphenes, graphitic carbon, and highly ordered structures such as morphed graphenes, namely Rh6 and Rh6-II. The morphed graphenes are corrugated layers of carbon with cross-linked covalently nature and sp(2)- or sp(3)-type allotropes. Electron microscopy and numerical simulations are excellent complementary tools to identify those phases. Furthermore, the TEAM 05 microscope is an outstanding tool to resolve the microstructure and prevent any damage to the sample. Other characterization techniques such as XRD, Raman, and XPS fade to convey a true identification of those phases because the samples are usually blends or mixes of the mentioned phases. Springer International Publishing 2016-08-22 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC4993800/ /pubmed/27617185 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40679-016-0024-z Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Research
Calderon, H. A.
Okonkwo, A.
Estrada-Guel, I.
Hadjiev, V. G.
Alvarez-Ramírez, F.
Robles Hernández, F. C.
HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title_full HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title_fullStr HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title_full_unstemmed HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title_short HRTEM low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
title_sort hrtem low dose: the unfold of the morphed graphene, from amorphous carbon to morphed graphenes
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4993800/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27617185
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40679-016-0024-z
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