The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?

Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of “proinflammatory” cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerati...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kulkarni, Onkar P., Lichtnekert, Julia, Anders, Hans-Joachim, Mulay, Shrikant R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016
Materias:
Review Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997018/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27597803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2856213
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author Kulkarni, Onkar P.
Lichtnekert, Julia
Anders, Hans-Joachim
Mulay, Shrikant R.
author_facet Kulkarni, Onkar P.
Lichtnekert, Julia
Anders, Hans-Joachim
Mulay, Shrikant R.
author_sort Kulkarni, Onkar P.
collection PubMed
description Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of “proinflammatory” cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine “inflammation”? In this review, we discuss the functions of “inflammatory” mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury.
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spelling pubmed-49970182016-09-05 The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation? Kulkarni, Onkar P. Lichtnekert, Julia Anders, Hans-Joachim Mulay, Shrikant R. Mediators Inflamm Review Article Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of “proinflammatory” cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine “inflammation”? In this review, we discuss the functions of “inflammatory” mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 2016-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4997018/ /pubmed/27597803 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2856213 Text en Copyright © 2016 Onkar P. Kulkarni et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Kulkarni, Onkar P.
Lichtnekert, Julia
Anders, Hans-Joachim
Mulay, Shrikant R.
The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title_full The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title_fullStr The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title_full_unstemmed The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title_short The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is “Inflammation” Always Inflammation?
title_sort immune system in tissue environments regaining homeostasis after injury: is “inflammation” always inflammation?
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997018/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27597803
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2856213
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