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Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort
BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for workers and patrons in hospitality venues is a persistent and significant public health concern. We designed this study to provide a comprehensive assessment of SHS exposure inside an Indian Tribal Casino in Minnesota. METHODS: Real-time fine particula...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3553-4 |
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author | Zhou, Zheng Bohac, David Boyle, Raymond G. |
author_facet | Zhou, Zheng Bohac, David Boyle, Raymond G. |
author_sort | Zhou, Zheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for workers and patrons in hospitality venues is a persistent and significant public health concern. We designed this study to provide a comprehensive assessment of SHS exposure inside an Indian Tribal Casino in Minnesota. METHODS: Real-time fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) concentrations were measured at multiple locations for up to 7 days. The field monitoring provided information on the day of week and time of day variation of SHS exposure, as well as comparisons between smoking and non-smoking areas. RESULTS: Indoor PM(2.5) level was nearly 13 times the concurrent outdoor PM(2.5) level. Gaming floor hourly PM(2.5) level was highest on Saturday night, averaged at 62.9 μg/m(3). Highest PM(2.5) concentration was observed in smoking-permitted employee break room, reaching 600 μg/m(3). PM(2.5) readings in non-smoking sections exhibited same temporal pattern as the readings in smoking sections. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that indoor concentration of PM(2.5) is substantially higher than the outdoor level, posing health risks to casino workers and patrons. SHS can migrate into adjacent non-smoking areas very quickly. The casino’s ventilation system did not fully eliminate SHS. A completely smoke-free casino would be the only way to fully protect non-smoking patrons and employees from the dangers of tobacco smoke. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3553-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4997741 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49977412016-08-26 Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort Zhou, Zheng Bohac, David Boyle, Raymond G. BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure for workers and patrons in hospitality venues is a persistent and significant public health concern. We designed this study to provide a comprehensive assessment of SHS exposure inside an Indian Tribal Casino in Minnesota. METHODS: Real-time fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) concentrations were measured at multiple locations for up to 7 days. The field monitoring provided information on the day of week and time of day variation of SHS exposure, as well as comparisons between smoking and non-smoking areas. RESULTS: Indoor PM(2.5) level was nearly 13 times the concurrent outdoor PM(2.5) level. Gaming floor hourly PM(2.5) level was highest on Saturday night, averaged at 62.9 μg/m(3). Highest PM(2.5) concentration was observed in smoking-permitted employee break room, reaching 600 μg/m(3). PM(2.5) readings in non-smoking sections exhibited same temporal pattern as the readings in smoking sections. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that indoor concentration of PM(2.5) is substantially higher than the outdoor level, posing health risks to casino workers and patrons. SHS can migrate into adjacent non-smoking areas very quickly. The casino’s ventilation system did not fully eliminate SHS. A completely smoke-free casino would be the only way to fully protect non-smoking patrons and employees from the dangers of tobacco smoke. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3553-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2016-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4997741/ /pubmed/27557528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3553-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhou, Zheng Bohac, David Boyle, Raymond G. Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title | Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title_full | Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title_fullStr | Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title_full_unstemmed | Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title_short | Continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a Minnesota Tribal Casino Resort |
title_sort | continuous weeklong measurements of indoor particle levels in a minnesota tribal casino resort |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4997741/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557528 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3553-4 |
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