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New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos
The diffuse use of lithium in a number of industrial processes has produced a significant contamination of groundwater and surface water with it. The increased use of lithium has generated only scarce studies on its concentrations in ambient waters and on its effects on aquatic organisms. Only few c...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27562248 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32157 |
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author | Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Santella, Luigia |
author_facet | Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Santella, Luigia |
author_sort | Ruocco, Nadia |
collection | PubMed |
description | The diffuse use of lithium in a number of industrial processes has produced a significant contamination of groundwater and surface water with it. The increased use of lithium has generated only scarce studies on its concentrations in ambient waters and on its effects on aquatic organisms. Only few contributions have focused on the toxicity of lithium in marine organisms (such as marine animals, algae and vegetables), showing that the toxic effect depends on the animal species. In the present study we describe the morphological and the molecular effects of lithium chloride (LiCl), using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a model organism. We show that LiCl, if added to the eggs before fertilization, induces malformations in the embryos in a dose-dependent manner. We have also followed by RT qPCR the expression levels of thirty seven genes (belonging to different classes of functional processes, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxifications) to identify the molecular targets of LiCl. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the mechanism of action of lithium on marine organisms. The findings may also have relevance outside the world of marine organisms since lithium is widely prescribed for the treatment of human bipolar disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4999890 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-49998902016-09-07 New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Santella, Luigia Sci Rep Article The diffuse use of lithium in a number of industrial processes has produced a significant contamination of groundwater and surface water with it. The increased use of lithium has generated only scarce studies on its concentrations in ambient waters and on its effects on aquatic organisms. Only few contributions have focused on the toxicity of lithium in marine organisms (such as marine animals, algae and vegetables), showing that the toxic effect depends on the animal species. In the present study we describe the morphological and the molecular effects of lithium chloride (LiCl), using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as a model organism. We show that LiCl, if added to the eggs before fertilization, induces malformations in the embryos in a dose-dependent manner. We have also followed by RT qPCR the expression levels of thirty seven genes (belonging to different classes of functional processes, such as stress, development, differentiation, skeletogenesis and detoxifications) to identify the molecular targets of LiCl. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the mechanism of action of lithium on marine organisms. The findings may also have relevance outside the world of marine organisms since lithium is widely prescribed for the treatment of human bipolar disorders. Nature Publishing Group 2016-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4999890/ /pubmed/27562248 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32157 Text en Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Article Ruocco, Nadia Costantini, Maria Santella, Luigia New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title | New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title_full | New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title_fullStr | New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title_full_unstemmed | New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title_short | New insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryos |
title_sort | new insights into negative effects of lithium on sea urchin paracentrotus lividus embryos |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4999890/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27562248 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep32157 |
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