15d-PGJ(2)-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Pharmacological Effects on Inflammation

15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, has physiological properties including pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, though it binds strongly to serum albumin. The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) can improve therapeutic properties increasing drug efficiency and availability. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN was therefore developed and investigated in terms of its immunomodulatory potential. 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN and unloaded SLN were physicochemically characterized and experiments in vivo were performed. Animals were pretreated with 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN at concentrations of 3, 10 or 30 μg·kg(-1) before inflammatory stimulus with carrageenan (Cg), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or mBSA (immune response). Interleukins (IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-17) levels were also evaluated in exudates. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN system showed good colloidal parameters and encapsulation efficiency of 96%. The results showed that the formulation was stable for up to 120 days with low hemolytic effects. The 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation was able to reduce neutrophil migration in three inflammation models tested using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2). Additionally, 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN increased IL-10 levels and reduced IL-1β as well as IL-17 in peritoneal fluid. The new 15d-PGJ(2)-SLN formulation highlights perspectives of a potent anti-inflammatory system using low concentrations of 15d-PGJ(2).