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Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential

Many respiratory viruses of humans originate from animals. For instance, there are now eight paramyxoviruses, four coronaviruses and four orthomxoviruses that cause recurrent epidemics in humans but were once confined to other hosts. In the last decade, several members of the same virus families hav...

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Autores principales: Richard, Mathilde, Fouchier, Ron A.M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26385895
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv039
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author Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A.M.
author_facet Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A.M.
author_sort Richard, Mathilde
collection PubMed
description Many respiratory viruses of humans originate from animals. For instance, there are now eight paramyxoviruses, four coronaviruses and four orthomxoviruses that cause recurrent epidemics in humans but were once confined to other hosts. In the last decade, several members of the same virus families have jumped the species barrier from animals to humans. Fortunately, these viruses have not become established in humans, because they lacked the ability of sustained transmission between humans. However, these outbreaks highlighted the lack of understanding of what makes a virus transmissible. In part triggered by the relatively high frequency of occurrence of influenza A virus zoonoses and pandemics, the influenza research community has started to investigate the viral genetic and biological traits that drive virus transmission via aerosols or respiratory droplets between mammals. Here we summarize recent discoveries on the genetic and phenotypic traits required for airborne transmission of zoonotic influenza viruses of subtypes H5, H7 and H9 and pandemic viruses of subtypes H1, H2 and H3. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of respiratory virus transmission is not only key from a basic scientific perspective, but may also aid in assessing the risks posed by zoonotic viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks.
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spelling pubmed-50062882017-01-01 Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential Richard, Mathilde Fouchier, Ron A.M. FEMS Microbiol Rev Review Article Many respiratory viruses of humans originate from animals. For instance, there are now eight paramyxoviruses, four coronaviruses and four orthomxoviruses that cause recurrent epidemics in humans but were once confined to other hosts. In the last decade, several members of the same virus families have jumped the species barrier from animals to humans. Fortunately, these viruses have not become established in humans, because they lacked the ability of sustained transmission between humans. However, these outbreaks highlighted the lack of understanding of what makes a virus transmissible. In part triggered by the relatively high frequency of occurrence of influenza A virus zoonoses and pandemics, the influenza research community has started to investigate the viral genetic and biological traits that drive virus transmission via aerosols or respiratory droplets between mammals. Here we summarize recent discoveries on the genetic and phenotypic traits required for airborne transmission of zoonotic influenza viruses of subtypes H5, H7 and H9 and pandemic viruses of subtypes H1, H2 and H3. Increased understanding of the determinants and mechanisms of respiratory virus transmission is not only key from a basic scientific perspective, but may also aid in assessing the risks posed by zoonotic viruses to human health, and preparedness for such risks. Oxford University Press 2015-09-17 2016-01-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5006288/ /pubmed/26385895 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv039 Text en © FEMS 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or until permissions are revoked in writing. Upon expiration of these permissions, PMC is granted a perpetual license to make this article available via PMC and Europe PMC, consistent with existing copyright protections.
spellingShingle Review Article
Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A.M.
Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title_full Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title_fullStr Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title_full_unstemmed Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title_short Influenza A virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
title_sort influenza a virus transmission via respiratory aerosols or droplets as it relates to pandemic potential
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006288/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26385895
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuv039
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