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Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China
BACKGROUND: Nearly 4.3 million deaths worldwide were attributable to exposure to household air pollution in 2012. However, household coal use remains widespread. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of cooking coal and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of primaril...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27091488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP236 |
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author | Kim, Christopher Seow, Wei Jie Shu, Xiao-Ou Bassig, Bryan A. Rothman, Nathaniel Chen, Bingshu E. Xiang, Yong-Bing Hosgood, H. Dean Ji, Bu-Tian Hu, Wei Wen, Cuiju Chow, Wong-Ho Cai, Qiuyin Yang, Gong Gao, Yu-Tang Zheng, Wei Lan, Qing |
author_facet | Kim, Christopher Seow, Wei Jie Shu, Xiao-Ou Bassig, Bryan A. Rothman, Nathaniel Chen, Bingshu E. Xiang, Yong-Bing Hosgood, H. Dean Ji, Bu-Tian Hu, Wei Wen, Cuiju Chow, Wong-Ho Cai, Qiuyin Yang, Gong Gao, Yu-Tang Zheng, Wei Lan, Qing |
author_sort | Kim, Christopher |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Nearly 4.3 million deaths worldwide were attributable to exposure to household air pollution in 2012. However, household coal use remains widespread. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of cooking coal and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of primarily never-smoking women in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A cohort of 74,941 women were followed from 1996 through 2009 with annual linkage to the Shanghai vital statistics database. Cause-specific mortality was identified through 2009. Use of household coal for cooking was assessed through a residential history questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the risk of mortality associated with household coal use. RESULTS: In this cohort, 63% of the women ever used coal (n = 46,287). Compared with never coal use, ever use of coal was associated with mortality from all causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.21], cancer (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), and ischemic heart disease (overall HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.27; HR for myocardial infarction specifically = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.79). The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased with increasing duration of coal use, compared with the risk in never users. The association between coal use and ischemic heart disease mortality diminished with increasing years since cessation of coal use. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this study suggests that past use of coal among women in Shanghai is associated with excess all-cause mortality, and from cardiovascular diseases in particular. The decreasing association with cardiovascular mortality as the time since last use of coal increased emphasizes the importance of reducing use of household coal where use is still widespread. CITATION: Kim C, Seow WJ, Shu XO, Bassig BA, Rothman N, Chen BE, Xiang YB, Hosgood HD III, Ji BT, Hu W, Wen C, Chow WH, Cai Q, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W, Lan Q. 2016. Cooking coal use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study of women in Shanghai, China. Environ Health Perspect 124:1384–1389; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP236 |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5010399 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50103992016-09-13 Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China Kim, Christopher Seow, Wei Jie Shu, Xiao-Ou Bassig, Bryan A. Rothman, Nathaniel Chen, Bingshu E. Xiang, Yong-Bing Hosgood, H. Dean Ji, Bu-Tian Hu, Wei Wen, Cuiju Chow, Wong-Ho Cai, Qiuyin Yang, Gong Gao, Yu-Tang Zheng, Wei Lan, Qing Environ Health Perspect Research BACKGROUND: Nearly 4.3 million deaths worldwide were attributable to exposure to household air pollution in 2012. However, household coal use remains widespread. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of cooking coal and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort of primarily never-smoking women in Shanghai, China. METHODS: A cohort of 74,941 women were followed from 1996 through 2009 with annual linkage to the Shanghai vital statistics database. Cause-specific mortality was identified through 2009. Use of household coal for cooking was assessed through a residential history questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the risk of mortality associated with household coal use. RESULTS: In this cohort, 63% of the women ever used coal (n = 46,287). Compared with never coal use, ever use of coal was associated with mortality from all causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05, 1.21], cancer (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.27), and ischemic heart disease (overall HR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.14, 2.27; HR for myocardial infarction specifically = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.79). The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased with increasing duration of coal use, compared with the risk in never users. The association between coal use and ischemic heart disease mortality diminished with increasing years since cessation of coal use. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from this study suggests that past use of coal among women in Shanghai is associated with excess all-cause mortality, and from cardiovascular diseases in particular. The decreasing association with cardiovascular mortality as the time since last use of coal increased emphasizes the importance of reducing use of household coal where use is still widespread. CITATION: Kim C, Seow WJ, Shu XO, Bassig BA, Rothman N, Chen BE, Xiang YB, Hosgood HD III, Ji BT, Hu W, Wen C, Chow WH, Cai Q, Yang G, Gao YT, Zheng W, Lan Q. 2016. Cooking coal use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study of women in Shanghai, China. Environ Health Perspect 124:1384–1389; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP236 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences 2016-04-19 2016-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5010399/ /pubmed/27091488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP236 Text en http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, “Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives”); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. |
spellingShingle | Research Kim, Christopher Seow, Wei Jie Shu, Xiao-Ou Bassig, Bryan A. Rothman, Nathaniel Chen, Bingshu E. Xiang, Yong-Bing Hosgood, H. Dean Ji, Bu-Tian Hu, Wei Wen, Cuiju Chow, Wong-Ho Cai, Qiuyin Yang, Gong Gao, Yu-Tang Zheng, Wei Lan, Qing Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title | Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title_full | Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title_fullStr | Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title_full_unstemmed | Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title_short | Cooking Coal Use and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Prospective Cohort Study of Women in Shanghai, China |
title_sort | cooking coal use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective cohort study of women in shanghai, china |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010399/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27091488 http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP236 |
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