A New Medium for Improving Spinosad Production by Saccharopolyspora spinosa

BACKGROUND: Spinosad (a mixture of spinosyns A and D) is a unique natural pesticide produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa. With regard to attempts to improve S. spinosa by classical mutagenesis, we propose that the bottleneck of screening out high-spinosad-production strains is probably caused by the fermentation media. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to identify a new medium to extensively investigate the potential of S. spinosa strains to produce spinosad. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Statistical and regressive modeling methods were used to investigate the effects of the carbon source and to optimize the production media. RESULTS: The spinosad production of S. spinosa Co121 increased 77.13%, from 310.44 ± 21.84 μg/mL in the initial fermentation medium (with glucose as the main carbon source) to 549.89 ± 38.59 μg/mL in a new optimized fermentation medium (98.0 g of mannitol, 43.0 g of cottonseed flour, 12.9 g of corn steep liquor, 0.5 g of KH(2)PO(4), and 3.0 g of CaCO(3) in 1 L of H(2)O; pH was adjusted to 7.0 before autoclaving). After screening 4,000 strains, an overall 3.33-fold increase was observed in spinosad titers, starting from the parental strain Co121 in the original fermentation medium and ending with the mutant strain J78 (1035 ± 34 μg/mL) in the optimized medium. CONCLUSIONS: The optimized fermentation medium developed in this study can probably be used to improve spinosad production in screening industrial strains of S. spinosa.