Intrathecal Baclofen Pump Migration Into the Peritoneal Cavity: A Case Report

INTRODUCTION: Intrathecal baclofen pumps are valuable treatment options for those with cerebral palsy. Although subfascial baclofen pump placement is generally preferred over a subcutaneous pump placement due to lower infection rates, rare complications can occur with the subfascial approach such as pump migration. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors here describe a case of baclofen pump migration into the peritoneal cavity of a 26-year-old male patient with cerebral palsy, shunted hydrocephalus, and epilepsy. Because the patient’s pump could not be palpated on exam and hence refilled, imaging was undertaken, but did not reveal clear evidence of pump migration. Surgery afterward confirmed that the pump had migrated into the peritoneal cavity through a fascial defect. Baclofen pump had to be replaced instead subcutaneously as well as the patient later had to be readmitted for 2 ventriculoperitoneal shunt revisions due to progression of his hydrocephalus. CONCLUSIONS: Intraperitoneal migration of a subfascially placed baclofen pump is a rare, yet serious complication, which has been reported only once in the literature. We advise neurosurgeons to have a low level of threshold in confirming the location of a baclofen pump with imaging and surgical exploration if necessary in order to avoid detrimental outcomes such as bowel perforation.