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The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution

Many micro-organisms employ a parasitic lifestyle and, through their antagonistic interactions with host populations, have major impacts on human, agricultural and natural ecosystems. Most pathogens are likely to host parasites of their own, that is, hyperparasites, but how nested chains of parasite...

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Autores principales: Parratt, Steven R, Laine, Anna-Liisa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5029149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26784356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.247
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author Parratt, Steven R
Laine, Anna-Liisa
author_facet Parratt, Steven R
Laine, Anna-Liisa
author_sort Parratt, Steven R
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description Many micro-organisms employ a parasitic lifestyle and, through their antagonistic interactions with host populations, have major impacts on human, agricultural and natural ecosystems. Most pathogens are likely to host parasites of their own, that is, hyperparasites, but how nested chains of parasites impact on disease dynamics is grossly neglected in the ecological and evolutionary literature. In this minireview we argue that the diversity and dynamics of micro-hyperparasites are an important component of natural host–pathogen systems. We use the current literature from a handful of key systems to show that observed patterns of pathogen virulence and disease dynamics may well be influenced by hyperparasites. Exploring these factors will shed light on many aspects of microbial ecology and disease biology, including resistance–virulence evolution, apparent competition, epidemiology and ecosystem stability. Considering the importance of hyperparasites in natural populations will have applied consequences for the field of biological control and therapeutic science, where hyperparastism is employed as a control mechanism but not necessarily ecologically understood.
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spelling pubmed-50291492016-09-21 The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution Parratt, Steven R Laine, Anna-Liisa ISME J Mini Review Many micro-organisms employ a parasitic lifestyle and, through their antagonistic interactions with host populations, have major impacts on human, agricultural and natural ecosystems. Most pathogens are likely to host parasites of their own, that is, hyperparasites, but how nested chains of parasites impact on disease dynamics is grossly neglected in the ecological and evolutionary literature. In this minireview we argue that the diversity and dynamics of micro-hyperparasites are an important component of natural host–pathogen systems. We use the current literature from a handful of key systems to show that observed patterns of pathogen virulence and disease dynamics may well be influenced by hyperparasites. Exploring these factors will shed light on many aspects of microbial ecology and disease biology, including resistance–virulence evolution, apparent competition, epidemiology and ecosystem stability. Considering the importance of hyperparasites in natural populations will have applied consequences for the field of biological control and therapeutic science, where hyperparastism is employed as a control mechanism but not necessarily ecologically understood. Nature Publishing Group 2016-08 2016-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC5029149/ /pubmed/26784356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.247 Text en Copyright © 2016 International Society for Microbial Ecology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
spellingShingle Mini Review
Parratt, Steven R
Laine, Anna-Liisa
The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title_full The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title_fullStr The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title_full_unstemmed The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title_short The role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
title_sort role of hyperparasitism in microbial pathogen ecology and evolution
topic Mini Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5029149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26784356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2015.247
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