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Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common commensal and an opportunistic pathogen. Suspected pneumococcal upper respiratory infections and pneumonia are often treated with macrolide antibiotics. Macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subuni...

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Autores principales: Schroeder, Max R., Stephens, David S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27709102
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00098
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author Schroeder, Max R.
Stephens, David S.
author_facet Schroeder, Max R.
Stephens, David S.
author_sort Schroeder, Max R.
collection PubMed
description Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common commensal and an opportunistic pathogen. Suspected pneumococcal upper respiratory infections and pneumonia are often treated with macrolide antibiotics. Macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The widespread use of macrolides is associated with increased macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae, and the treatment of pneumococcal infections with macrolides may be associated with clinical failures. In S. pneumoniae, macrolide resistance is due to ribosomal dimethylation by an enzyme encoded by erm(B), efflux by a two-component efflux pump encoded by mef (E)/mel(msr(D)) and, less commonly, mutations of the ribosomal target site of macrolides. A wide array of genetic elements have emerged that facilitate macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae; for example erm(B) is found on Tn917, while the mef (E)/mel operon is carried on the 5.4- or 5.5-kb Mega element. The macrolide resistance determinants, erm(B) and mef (E)/mel, are also found on large composite Tn916-like elements most notably Tn6002, Tn2009, and Tn2010. Introductions of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-7 and PCV-13) have decreased the incidence of macrolide-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease, but serotype replacement and emergence of macrolide resistance remain an important concern.
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spelling pubmed-50302212016-10-05 Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae Schroeder, Max R. Stephens, David S. Front Cell Infect Microbiol Microbiology Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common commensal and an opportunistic pathogen. Suspected pneumococcal upper respiratory infections and pneumonia are often treated with macrolide antibiotics. Macrolides are bacteriostatic antibiotics and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The widespread use of macrolides is associated with increased macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae, and the treatment of pneumococcal infections with macrolides may be associated with clinical failures. In S. pneumoniae, macrolide resistance is due to ribosomal dimethylation by an enzyme encoded by erm(B), efflux by a two-component efflux pump encoded by mef (E)/mel(msr(D)) and, less commonly, mutations of the ribosomal target site of macrolides. A wide array of genetic elements have emerged that facilitate macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae; for example erm(B) is found on Tn917, while the mef (E)/mel operon is carried on the 5.4- or 5.5-kb Mega element. The macrolide resistance determinants, erm(B) and mef (E)/mel, are also found on large composite Tn916-like elements most notably Tn6002, Tn2009, and Tn2010. Introductions of 7-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV-7 and PCV-13) have decreased the incidence of macrolide-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease, but serotype replacement and emergence of macrolide resistance remain an important concern. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5030221/ /pubmed/27709102 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00098 Text en Copyright © 2016 Schroeder and Stephens. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Schroeder, Max R.
Stephens, David S.
Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title_full Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title_fullStr Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title_full_unstemmed Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title_short Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
title_sort macrolide resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030221/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27709102
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00098
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