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Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the brains of patients with PD, microglia have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, depending on their activation state. In this review, we focus on recent research demonstrating the neuroprotective role of mi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00089 |
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author | Le, Weidong Wu, Junjiao Tang, Yu |
author_facet | Le, Weidong Wu, Junjiao Tang, Yu |
author_sort | Le, Weidong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the brains of patients with PD, microglia have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, depending on their activation state. In this review, we focus on recent research demonstrating the neuroprotective role of microglia in PD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the protective mechanisms of microglia may result from their regulation of transrepression pathways via nuclear receptors, anti-inflammatory responses, neuron–microglia crosstalk, histone modification, and microRNA regulation. All of these mechanisms work together to suppress the production of neurotoxic inflammatory components. However, during the progression of PD, the detrimental effects of inflammation overpower the protective actions of microglia. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying microglial neuroprotection, and a means of promoting the transformation of microglia to the protective phenotype, are urgently needed for the treatment of PD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5030290 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-50302902016-10-05 Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease Le, Weidong Wu, Junjiao Tang, Yu Front Mol Neurosci Neuroscience Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the brains of patients with PD, microglia have both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects, depending on their activation state. In this review, we focus on recent research demonstrating the neuroprotective role of microglia in PD. Accumulating evidence indicates that the protective mechanisms of microglia may result from their regulation of transrepression pathways via nuclear receptors, anti-inflammatory responses, neuron–microglia crosstalk, histone modification, and microRNA regulation. All of these mechanisms work together to suppress the production of neurotoxic inflammatory components. However, during the progression of PD, the detrimental effects of inflammation overpower the protective actions of microglia. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms underlying microglial neuroprotection, and a means of promoting the transformation of microglia to the protective phenotype, are urgently needed for the treatment of PD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC5030290/ /pubmed/27708561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00089 Text en Copyright © 2016 Le, Wu and Tang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Le, Weidong Wu, Junjiao Tang, Yu Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title | Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full | Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_short | Protective Microglia and Their Regulation in Parkinson’s Disease |
title_sort | protective microglia and their regulation in parkinson’s disease |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5030290/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27708561 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00089 |
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